January 2024 Living Environment Regents Questions 1-10 Question Preview (ID: 62947)

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Homeostasis in single-celled organisms is maintained through the proper functioning of

a) organelles

b) estrogen

c) guard cells

d) antibodies

In a stable ecosystem, each niche is usually occupied by only one species. The species occupying a particular niche is able to continue to remain there as a direct result of

a) ecological succession

b) favorable adaptations

c) a new mutation

d) selective breeding

When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, human skin cells produce the protein melanin. This protein helps protect skin cells from damage caused by UV light. This is an example of

a) a gene that cannot be passed on to offspring

b) natural selection producing a new species

c) sexual reproduction that will produce variation

d) environmental factors affecting gene expression

The human pancreas contains cells that secrete insulin. Only these cells produce insulin because

a) cells eliminate the parts of the genetic code they do not use

b) all other cells lack the genes for insulin production

c) different cells use different parts of the genetic information that they contain

d) they are the only cells associated with the digestion of sugar

In humans, two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body and deliver it to cells. Which system directly delivers oxygen to body cells?

a) nervous

b) digestive

c) respiratory

d) respiratory

Which statement best summarizes the scientist’s statement?

a) Living organisms interact with and are dependent on their environment and each other.

b) Turtles are very large animals and thus have a negative effect on their environment wherever they live.

c) If organisms have a negative effect on their environment, there is probably a technological fix available.

d) The decline of the turtles will not really matter because relatively few humans rely on them for food.

Which set of substances are molecular building blocks that directly form some of the complex organic molecules present in humans?

a) water and oxygen

b) starch and nitrogen

c) carbon dioxide and proteins

d) glucose and amino acids

The main function of this process is to

a) produce variations in cells before asexual reproduction

b) synthesize antigens needed to combat immunity

c) provide exact copies of the genetic code before cell division

d) make proteins needed for cellular metabolism

Which interaction is an example of competition between two species?

a) mice and chipmunks eating sunflower seeds at a bird feeder

b) mold growing on a tree that has fallen in the forest

c) a coyote feeding on the remains of a squirrel killed on the road

d) a lion stalking, killing, and eating a zebra

One important reason that humans have such a significant effect on Earth’s ecosystems is that humans

a) remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air

b) are able to increase the amount of finite resources

c) can modify the environment through technology

d) reproduce faster than other animal species

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