Water Molecules And Dissolving Question Preview (ID: 59201)
Chapter 5-- American Chemical Society.
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A water molecule has the chemical formula H2O. This means that the water molecule is made up of
a) Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
b) Two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom
c) Two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms
d) Two molecules of water
The atoms in a water molecule are held together by covalent bonds. This means that the bonded atoms
a) Lose protons
b) Lose electrons
c) Share electrons
d) Switch neutrons
The water molecule is a polar molecule. A water molecule is polar because
a) The electrons are shared equally
b) Oxygen has a stronger attraction for electrons than hydrogen
c) It is very cold
d) Hydrogen atoms have a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen
The water molecule is
a) Slightly negative near the hydrogen atoms and slightly positive near the oxygen atom
b) Slightly positive in all areas of the molecule
c) Slightly negative near the oxygen atom and slightly positive near the hydrogen atoms
d) The same charge in all areas of the molecule
Water molecules are attracted to each other because
a) They are all positively charged
b) Each water molecule has the same number of protons as electrons
c) The positive area of one water molecule is attracted to the negative area of another
d) All water molecules are neutral
A paper clip can stay on the surface of a sample of water because of water’s strong surface tension. Water’s surface tension is mostly a result of
a) Water’s temperature
b) The motion of water molecules
c) The attraction of water molecules
d) The impurities in the water
Sodium chloride is made up of sodium ions and chloride ions which bond together in a salt crystal because
a) They have the same charge
b) They are the same size
c) One is positive and one is negative so they attract
d) They both have protons and electrons
Water is able to dissolve sodium chloride because
a) The polar areas of water molecules attract the oppositely charged ions of sodium chloride
b) The shape of the water molecules pushes the sodium and chloride ions apart
c) The oxygen in the water molecules reacts with the sodium and chloride ions
d) Water molecules and sodium chloride are covalently bonded
Water cannot dissolve all substances that are made from ionic bonds. This is probably because
a) Some water molecules are not as strong as others
b) Water needs to be stirred to dissolve all ionic substances
c) Some ionic bonds are too strong for the attractions of water molecules to pull them apart
d) Water needs to be heated to dissolve all ionic substances
The chemical formula for sucrose (sugar) is C6H12O6. In some parts of the sucrose molecule, oxygen is covalently bonded to hydrogen. This makes the sucrose molecule
a) Bonded like salt
b) Smaller than a water molecule
c) A polar molecule
d) Act like a liquid
Sucrose dissolves well in water because
a) Water is usually warm
b) Sucrose is used to make sweet beverages
c) Polar water molecules attract the opposite polar areas of the sucrose molecules
d) Polar water molecules attract the carbon atoms in the sucrose molecules
When sucrose dissolves in water
a) The sucrose molecules break apart into individual atoms
b) The water molecules covalently bond to the sucrose molecules
c) The water molecules cause the sucrose molecules to separate from one another
d) Each sucrose molecule breaks in half
Alcohol molecules are not as polar as water molecules. If you mixed sucrose in alcohol you might expect the sucrose
a) To dissolve better in alcohol than in water
b) To dissolve in alcohol not as well as in water
c) To dissolve equally well in alcohol and in water
d) To increase in size
Dissolving often involves a solid dissolved in a liquid. In this type of dissolving
a) The solid is the solvent
b) The liquid is the solute
c) The solid is both the solvent and the solute
d) The solid is the solute and the liquid is the solvent
Sugar is more soluble at higher temperatures. This is mainly because at higher temperatures
a) Sugar and water molecules move slower and their interactions make the sugar molecules stay together longer
b) Sugar and water molecules move faster and their interactions make the sugar molecules separate from one another
c) Water molecules spread out more, making more room for the sugar molecules
d) Water molecules actually come apart into separate atoms and react with the sugar
Water is not a good dissolver of oil mainly because
a) Oil is also a liquid
b) Oil is thicker than water
c) Oil molecules are non-polar
d) Oil is colder than water
Carbon dioxide gas dissolves pretty well in water because
a) The molecules of a gas are far apart compared to the molecules of a liquid
b) The bond between the carbon and oxygen in the carbon dioxide is polar
c) Water can dissolve anything with carbon
d) Water molecules are non-polar
The amount of gas that can dissolve in water
a) Increases as the temperature of the water increases
b) Increases as the temperature of the water decreases
c) Does not change when the temperature of the water changes
d) Does not depend on the type of gas
When certain substances dissolve, the solution gets warmer. This type of dissolving process is exothermic. In exothermic dissolving
a) More energy is released when water molecules bond to the solute than is used to pull the solute apart.
b) More energy is used to pull the solute apart than is released when water molecules bond to the solute.
c) A gas is always produced
d) The temperature does not change
When certain substances dissolve, the solution gets colder. This type of dissolving process is endothermic. In endothermic dissolving
a) More energy is released when water molecules bond to the solute than is used to pull the solute apart.
b) More energy is used to pull the solute apart than is released when water molecules bond to the solute.
c) Water molecules break apart into atoms
d) The temperature does not change
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