Evolution And Ecological Niches Question Preview (ID: 56902)

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Which of the following statements is most closely related to the modern theory of evolution?

a) Asexual reproduction increases the survival of species.

b) Organisms best adapted to a changed environment are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes to offspring.

c) Characteristics that are acquired during life are passed to offspring by sexual reproduction.

d) Evolution is the result of mutations and recombination, only.

The theory of biological evolution includes the concept that

a) individuals may acquire physical characteristics after birth and pass these acquired characteristics on to their offspring

b) fossils are the remains of present-day species and were all formed at the same time

c) species of organisms found on Earth today have adaptations not always found in earlier species

d) the smallest organisms are always eliminated by the larger organisms within the ecosystem

Natural selection and its evolutionary consequences provide a scientific explanation for each of the following except

a) similar structures among different organisms

b) the fossil record

c) a stable physical environment

d) protein and DNA similarities between different organisms

To determine evolutionary relationships between organisms, a comparison would most likely be made between all of the characteristics below except

a) sequences in their DNA molecules

b) number of their ATP molecules

c) structure of protein molecules present

d) methods of reproduction

Species of bacteria can evolve more quickly than species of mammals because bacteria have

a) less competition

b) lower mutation rates

c) more chromosomes

d) higher rates of reproduction

The presence of some similar structures in all vertebrates suggests that these vertebrates

a) all develop at the same rate

b) may have an evolutionary relationship

c) evolved from different animals that appeared on Earth at the same time

d) all develop internally and rely on nutrients supplied by the mother

The similarities of the bones labeled A in the diagram below provide evidence that

a) all structural characteristics are the same in animals

b) all species have one kind of bone structure

c) the cells of the bones contain the same type of mutations

d) the organisms may have evolved from a common ancestor

In a group of mushrooms exposed to a poisonous chemical, only a few of the mushrooms survived. The best explanation for the resistance of the surviving mushrooms is that the resistance

a) was transferred through the food web to the mushrooms

b) developed in response to the poisonous chemical

c) resulted from the presence of mutations in the mushrooms

d) was transmitted to the mushrooms from the poisonous chemical

Compared to earlier generations, future generations of these birds will be expected to have a greater proportion of

a) bright-colored females

b) dull-colored females

c) bright-colored males

d) dull-colored males

A basketball player develops speed and power as a result of practice. This athletic ability will not be passed on to her offspring because

a) muscle cells do not carry genetic information

b) base sequences in DNA are not affected by this activity

c) gametes do not carry complete sets of genetic information

d) mutations that occur in body cells are not inherited

Certain insects resemble the bark of the trees on which they live. Which statement provides a possible biological explanation for this resemblance?

a) Natural selection played a role in the development of this protective coloration.

b) The lack of mutations resulted in the protective coloration.

c) The trees caused mutations in the insects that resulted in protective coloration.

d) The insects needed camouflage so they developed protective coloration.

The teeth of carnivores are pointed and are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. The teeth of herbivores are flat and are good for grinding and chewing. Which of the following statements best explains these observations?

a) The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of natural selection.

b) Carnivores have evolved from herbivores.

c) Herbivores have evolved from carnivores.

d) The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of the needs of an organism.

Meiosis and fertilization are important for the survival of many species because these two processes result in

a) increasingly complex multicellular organisms

b) large numbers of gametes

c) cloning of superior offspring

d) genetic variability of offspring

Which two processes result in variations that commonly influence the evolution of sexually reproducing species?

a) extinction and gene replacement

b) environmental selection and selective breeding

c) mutation and genetic recombination

d) mitosis and natural selection

Which process will increase variations that could be inherited?

a) synthesis of proteins

b) mitotic cell division

c) active transport

d) recombination of genes

Which characteristics of a population would most likely indicate the lowest potential for evolutionary change in that population?

a) sexual reproduction and many mutations

b) sexual reproduction and few mutations

c) asexual reproduction and few mutations

d) asexual reproduction and many mutations

Which of the following statements describes asexual reproduction?

a) It is responsible for many new variations in off spring.

b) Mutations are not passed from generation to generation.

c) It always enables organisms to survive in changing environmental conditions.

d) Adaptive traits are usually passed from parent to offspring without genetic modification.

Which factor could be the cause of the other three in an animal species?

a) the inability of the species to adapt to changes

b) a lack of genetic variability in the species

c) extinction of the species

d) a decrease in the survival rate of the species

Which process is least likely to add to the variety of traits in a population?

a) genetic engineering

b) accurate replication of DNA

c) deletion of bases from DNA

d) exchange of segments between chromosomes

In an environment that undergoes frequent change, species that reproduce sexually may have an advantage over species that reproduce asexually because the sexually reproducing species produce

a) offspring with more variety

b) identical offspring

c) more offspring in each generation

d) new species of offspring in each generation

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