Genetics 1: DNA, Genes, Protein Synthesis Question Preview (ID: 56900)

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Which diagram best represents the relative locations of the structures in the key below?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

Hereditary information is stored inside the

a) nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes

b) ribosomes, which have chromosomes that contain many genes

c) nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes

d) ribosomes, which have genes that contain many chromosomes

The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in

a) a chromosome

b) a protein molecule

c) an enzyme molecule

d) a nucleus

Which two structures of a frog would most likely have the same chromosome number?

a) skin cell and fertilized egg cell

b) kidney cell and egg cell

c) zygote and sperm cell

d) liver cell and sperm cell

Chromosomes can be described as

a) large molecules that have only one function

b) coiled strands of genetic material

c) folded chains of bonded glucose molecules

d) reproductive cells composed of molecular bases

A mutation changes a gene in a cell in the stomach of an organism. This mutation could cause a change in

a) neither the organism nor its offspring

b) both the organism and its offspring

c) the organism, but not its offspring

d) its offspring, but not the organism itself

The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as

a) evolution

b) immunity

c) differentiation

d) heredity

Hereditary traits are transmitted from generation to generation by means of

a) proteins in body cells

b) carbohydrates in body cells

c) specific starches making up DNA in reproductive cells

d) specific sequences of bases in DNA in reproductive cells

In all organisms, the coded instructions for specifying the characteristics of the organism are directly determined by the arrangement of the

a) twenty-three pairs of genes on each chromosome

b) strands of simple sugars in certain carbohydrate molecules

c) four types of molecular bases in the genes

d) twenty kinds of amino acids in each protein

A certain protein is found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. This provides evidence that plants and bacteria

a) digest proteins into simple sugars

b) have some similar DNA base sequences

c) contain certain pathogenic microbes

d) can use carbon dioxide to make proteins

Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of

a) amino acids

b) ATP molecules

c) sugars

d) bases

Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins?

a) DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded information for how cells function.

b) Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.

c) Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino acids together into DNA.

d) Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules.

What is the relationship between these three structures?

a) DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.

b) Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.

c) DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.

d) The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.

This molecule controls cellular activity by directing the synthesis of

a) fats

b) minerals

c) carbohydrates

d) proteins

What will be the total number of bases represented by the letter A (both inside and outside the boxes) when the boxes are completely filled in?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

One disadvantage of a genetic mutation in a human skin cell is that it

a) may result in the production of a defective protein

b) can lead to a lower mutation rate in the offspring of the human

c) may alter the sequence of simple sugars in insulin molecules

d) can alter the rate of all the metabolic processes in the human

A characteristic of a DNA molecule that is not characteristic of a protein molecule is that the DNA molecule

a) can be very large

b) is composed of subunits

c) is found in nuclei

d) can replicate itself

Two proteins in the same cell perform different functions. This is because the two proteins are composed of

a) chains folded the same way and the same sequence of amino acids

b) chains folded differently and a different sequence of amino acids

c) chains folded the same way and the same sequence of simple sugars

d) chains folded differently and a different sequence of simple sugars

Which nuclear process is represented below?

a) replication

b) mutation

c) recombination

d) fertilization

The section of DNA being used to make the strand of mRNA is known as a

a) chromosome

b) gene

c) carbohydrate

d) ribosome

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