Homeostasis And Human Physiology Question Preview (ID: 56898)

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All chemical breakdown processes in cells directly involve

a) enzymes that are stored in mitochondria

b) enzymes that have the same genetic base sequence

c) the production of catalysts in vacuoles

d) reactions that are controlled by catalysts

In the body of a human, the types of chemical activities occurring within cells are most dependent on the

a) kind of sugar found on each chromosome

b) number of chromosomes in the cell

c) biological catalysts present

d) size of the cell

All cells of an organism are engaged in many different chemical reactions. This fact is best supported by the presence in each cell of thousands of different kinds of

a) enzymes

b) organelles

c) nuclei

d) chloroplasts

Which row in the chart could be used to identify the building blocks and product in the diagram?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

Which part of a molecule provides energy for life processes?

a) carbon atoms

b) chemical bonds

c) oxygen atoms

d) inorganic nitrogen

Which substance is the most direct source of the energy that an animal cell uses for the synthesis of materials?

a) DNA

b) starch

c) ATP

d) glucose

Which of the following groups contain only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds?

a) proteins, carbon dioxide, DNA, starch

b) proteins, water, DNA, fats

c) proteins, DNA, fats, starch

d) proteins, starch, carbon dioxide, water

Which statement concerning proteins is not correct?

a) Proteins are long, usually folded, chains.

b) Proteins are bonded together, resulting in simple sugars.

c) The shape of a protein molecule determines its function.

d) Proteins can be broken down and used for energy.

The function of most proteins depends primarily on the

a) type and order of amino acids

b) availability of starch molecules

c) nutritional habits of the organism

d) environment of the organism

In plants, simple sugars are least likely to be

a) stored in the form of starch molecules

b) linked together to form proteins

c) used as a source of energy

d) broken down into carbon dioxide and water

Contractile vacuoles maintain water balance by pumping excess water out of some single-celled pond organisms. In humans, the kidney is chiefly involved in maintaining water balance. These facts best illustrate that

a) tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis in all living things

b) a disruption in a body system may disrupt the homeostasis of a single-celled organism

c) interference with nerve signals disrupts cellular communication and homeostasis within organisms

d) structures found in single-celled organisms can act in a manner similar to tissues and organs in multicellular organisms

This graph represents

a) autotrophic nutrition

b) an allergic reaction

c) maintenance of homeostasis

d) an antigen-antibody reaction

Which of the following situations indicates that a disruption of homeostasis has taken place?

a) the maintenance of a constant body temperature

b) the presence of hormones that keep the blood sugar level steady

c) a rapid rise in the number of red blood cells

d) cell division that is involved in normal growth

Which order of metabolic processes converts nutrients consumed by an organism into cell parts?

a) digestion → absorption → circulation → diffusion → synthesis

b) absorption → circulation → digestion → diffusion → synthesis

c) synthesis → absorption → digestion → diffusion → circulation

d) digestion → synthesis → diffusion → circulation → absorption

Which structures in diagram I and diagram II carry out a similar life function?

a) 2 and D

b) 3 and A

c) 4 and B

d) 1 and C

Which statement best compares a multicellular organism to a single-celled organism?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

Humans require organ systems to carry out life processes. Single-celled organisms do not have organ systems, and yet they are able to carry out life processes. This is because

a) it is not necessary for single-celled organisms to maintain homeostasis

b) organelles present in single-celled organisms act in a manner similar to organ systems

c) human organ systems lack the organelles found in single-celled organisms

d) a human cell is more efficient than the cell of a single-celled organism

Which systems perform these same activities in humans?

a) respiratory, excretory, and digestive

b) digestive, circulatory, and immune

c) respiratory, nervous, and endocrine

d) excretory, respiratory, and reproductive

The movements indicated by all the arrows are directly involved in

a) respiration, only

b) excretion, only

c) the digestion of proteins

d) the maintenance of homeostasis

Plants, such as the Venus flytrap, produce chemical compounds that break down insects into substances that are usable by the plant. The chemical compounds that break down the insects are most likely

a) complex carbohydrates

b) biological catalysts

c) minerals

d) fats

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