Scientific Inquiry And Experimental Design Question Preview (ID: 56892)

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Which statement best describes a scientific theory?

a) It is a scientific fact that no longer requires any evidence to support it.

b) It is a collection of data designed to provide support for a prediction.

c) It is an educated guess that can be tested by experimentation.

d) It is a general statement that is supported by many scientific observations.

Which principle of scientific inquiry does this illustrate?

a) A control group must be part of a valid experiment.

b) The same experiment must be repeated many times to validate the results.

c) Scientific explanations can be modified as new evidence is found.

d) Values can be used to make ethical decisions about scientific discovery.

A scientist is planning to carry out an experiment on the effect of heat on the function of a certain enzyme. Which would not be an appropriate first step?

a) using what is already known about the enzyme

b) doing research in a library

c) having discussions with other scientists

d) completing a data table of expected results

The development of an experimental research plan should not include a

a) list of safety precautions for the experiment

b) list of equipment needed for conducting the experiment

c) conclusion based on data expected to be collected in the experiment

d) procedure for the use of technologies needed for the experiment

Which source would provide the most reliable information for use in a research project investigating the effects of antibiotics on disease causing bacteria?

a) a current professional science journal article on the control of pathogens

b) the local news section of a newspaper from 1993

c) a news program on national television about antigens produced by various plants

d) an article in a weekly news magazine about reproduction in pathogens

What is the importance of collecting an extensive amount of data such as this?

a) Results from all parts of the world will be found to be identical.

b) The quantity of data will lead to a better understanding of the extent of the problem.

c) Researchers will now be certain that the decline in the amphibian populations is due to pesticides.

d) The data collected will prove that all animal populations around the world are threatened.

Which procedure would most likely provide valid results in a test to determine if drug A would be effective in treating cancer in white mice?

a) injecting 1mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5mL of drug X into another group of 100 white mice with cancer

b) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5 mL of drug X into white mice without cancer

c) injecting 1mL drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 1mL of distilledwater into other group of 100 white mice with cancer

d) injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer

Which of the following statements best describes a controlled experiment?

a) It avoids the use of variables.

b) It eliminates the need for dependent variables.

c) It shows the effect of a dependent variable on an independent variable.

d) It tests the effect of a single independent variable.

The first trial of a controlled experiment allows a scientist to isolate and test

a) a logical conclusion

b) a single variable

c) a variety of information

d) several variables

Students were asked to determine if they could squeeze a clothespin more times in a minute after resting than after exercising. An experiment that accurately tests this question should include all of the following except

a) a large number of students

b) two sets of clothespins, one that is easy to open and one that is more difficult to open

c) a hypothesis on which to base the design of the experiment

d) a control group and an experimental group with equal numbers of students of approximately the same age

Which change in procedure would have improved the experiment?

a) using the same size paper discs for each mouthwash

b) using the same type of mouthwash on each disc

c) using bacteria from many habitats other than the mouth

d) using a smaller plate with less food and moisture

Which of the following statements most accurately describes scientific inquiry?

a) It does not allow scientists to judge the reliability of their sources.

b) It ignores information from other sources.

c) It may lead to explanations that combine data with what people already know about their surroundings.

d) It should never involve ethical decisions about the application of scientific knowledge.

Researchers performing a well-designed experiment should base their conclusions on

a) the hypothesis of the experiment

b) results predicted before performing the experiment

c) a small sample size to insure a reliable outcome of the experiment

d) data from repeated trials of the experiment

A science researcher is reviewing another scientist's experiment and conclusion. The reviewer would most likely consider the experiment invalid if

a) other individuals are able to duplicate the results

b) it contains conclusions not explained by the evidence given

c) the sample size produced a great deal of data

d) the hypothesis was not supported by the data obtained

Which statement is best supported by the data?

a) Cooling the hand increases the reaction time.

b) Cooling the hand does not affect the reaction time.

c) Cooling the hand affects only some subjects.

d) Two minutes of cooling is not enough to affect reaction time.

Before constructing the graph shown, it would have been most helpful to organize the results of the investigation in

a) an equation

b) an energy pyramid

c) a research plan

d) a data table

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