June 2021 (v202) Living Environment Regents Questions 11-20 Question Preview (ID: 56882)

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Which sequence of events best represents ecological succession?

a) A squirrel eats acorns, and a hawk eats the squirrel.

b) Grass grows on a sand dune and is slowly replaced by shrubs.

c) After many years of planting corn in the same field, minerals present in the soil are used up.

d) The decomposition of plant material releases nutrients, and other plants use these nutrients.

Gene editing can be used to swap out an unwanted gene for a desirable one from the same species. Which statement best explains why the desired gene will be found in all cells that come from the genetically edited cell?

a) The original cell will reproduce by meiosis and a mutation will occur.

b) The altered DNA in the edited cell will be replicated and passed on to each new cell during mitosis.

c) DNA replication in body cells will result in sperm and egg cells with the edited gene.

d) The desired gene will be inserted into each new cell by using restriction enzymes.

In humans, embryonic development during the first two months is more sensitive to environmental factors than during the remaining months. The best explanation for this statement is that

a) during the first two months, form organ and any unusual change during cell division can interfere with normal development

b) the genes that control development function only during the first two months of development

c) no changes occur in a developing fetus after the second month

d) organ development is not affected by environmental factors after the second month

This discovery is an important first step in

a) preventing the uncontrolled meiotic division of cells in humans

b) identifying individuals at risk and recommending preventive treatment

c) being able to detect all the genes that regulate meiosis

d) helping to eliminate all BRCA genes

As blood glucose levels increase, hormones are released to return glucose levels to normal. This is an example of

a) a nervous system disorder

b) the synthesis of antibodies

c) a stimulus and a response

d) an antigen and antibody reaction

Many female mammals, such as dogs, give birth to litters consisting of multiple offspring. All of the characteristics described below are reproductive adaptations that female dogs have for giving birth and caring for several offspring at once, except

a) a specialized structure for internal development of several young

b) several pairs of mammary glands that provide milk for their pups

c) ovaries capable of releasing many gametes at one time for fertilization

d) a pancreas that produces excess insulin to trigger the release of eggs

How many chromosomes will be in the skin cells of her offspring?

a) 124

b) 62

c) 31

d) 30

Rejection of a newly transplanted organ is caused by

a) the immune system reacting to the presence of the organ

b) antibiotics that stimulate the immune system to attack the organ

c) inheritance of genetic disorders from infected individuals

d) development of cancerous cells in the organ

Therefore, the “trees” must have been reproduced

a) sexually and have genetic variability

b) asexually and have genetic variability

c) sexually and are genetically identical

d) asexually and are genetically identical

The beetle’s defense mechanism has developed as a result of

a) the need for an effective protection against its enemies

b) competition with its predators

c) natural selection over many generations

d) ecological succession over hundreds of years

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