January 2020 Living Environment Regents Questions 11-20 Question Preview (ID: 56863)

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A genetic change that occurs in a body cell of a mouse will not contribute to the evolution of the species because

a) body cell mutations will cause the cell to die before it reproduces

b) the evolution of a species can result from changes in reproductive cells, not body cells

c) random changes are repaired by enzymes before they are passed on to offspring

d) the evolution of a species is caused by natural selection, not genetic variation

Scientists who have examined the fossil record have noted that some species have changed very little over long periods of geologic time. The lack of change in such organisms is most likely because

a) all members of their population were genetically identical, and they lived in a rapidly changing environment

b) there was a large amount of variation in their population, and the environment changed frequently

c) they could move between different environments when food supplies became scarce

d) the environment that they lived in remained the same, and they were well-adapted to it

Doctors often use certain medications to treat infections. A few people have a reaction to some of these medications, such as itching, swelling, or trouble breathing. This is an example of

a) using antibodies to cure a medical problem

b) the body’s immune system overreacting to a usually harmless substance

c) the body creating a mutation to fight unknown pathogens

d) a vaccine causing the body to produce antigens against the infection

Organisms that live on land rarely compete for

a) food

b) space

c) water

d) oxygen

This situation is an example of

a) direct harvesting of an endangered orca species by humans

b) orcas overproducing in an ecosystem with no resources

c) a community relying on nonrenewable energy sources

d) a decision where benefits and risks have to be weighed

A small lizard spends the morning hours lying in the sunlight until its body temperature rises. Later on in the day, the lizard rests in a shady area until its body temperature cools. This type of behavior is important to

a) maintain homeostasis

b) detect variations

c) attract mates

d) obtain nutrients

Sexually reproducing organisms pass on genetic information as a

a) long chain of amino acids

b) long chain of amino acids

c) sequence of complex sugars

d) sequence of the bases A, T, C, and G

Some viruses attack cells by attaching to their outer covering, entering, and taking over their genetic “machinery.” Viruses are able to invade cells after first attaching to their

a) nuclear membrane

b) cell membrane

c) genetic machinery

d) viral proteins

Gene mutations can be caused by many things. These mutations are biologically important because they

a) occur at a regular rate and therefore can be controlled

b) can be passed to the offspring if they occur in any cell of the body

c) are always harmful and therefore help to eliminate weak traits

d) can result in a new variety of gene combinations in the species

Maintaining a rich variety of genetic material that may lead to discoveries useful to humans can be ensured by

a) preserving biodiversity

b) increasing cloning

c) asexual reproduction

d) selective breeding

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