June 2019 Living Environment Regents Questions 1-10 Question Preview (ID: 56854)

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Which activity is an example of a decomposer recycling organic compounds back into the environment?

a) A tree synthesizes starch from simpler molecules.

b) A bacterial cell performs photosynthesis.

c) A bird digests proteins from its food.

d) A fungus breaks down the body of a dead animal.

These observations are best explained by the fact that

a) flea saliva may stimulate an immune response in cats and dogs

b) fleas are microbes whose bites cause a decreased blood flow

c) flea saliva is a toxic substance that is released when fleas prey on cats and dogs

d) fleas are host organisms whose saliva digests cat and dog fur, leaving “hot spots”

A German measles (rubella) epidemic during the years 1963 to 1965 resulted in approximately 30,000 babies being born with birth defects. The specific cause of these birth defects was most likely

a) the development of rubella virus infections in embryos

b) the failure of zygotes infected with rubella to develop

c) mutations in the nerve cells of pregnant females at the time of the rubella epidemic

d) an increase in the amount of time needed for healthy embryonic development

If not diagnosed, placenta previa can be a very dangerous condition because the placenta is

a) the primary source of oxygen for the mother

b) where the fetus obtains milk from the mother

c) where nutrients and wastes are exchanged

d) the primary source of estrogen and progesterone in the mother

Over time, a tree that once had a total mass of 300 g increased in mass to 3000 kg. This increase in mass comes mostly from

a) carbon dioxide that enters through the leaf openings

b) carbon dioxide that enters through the leaf openings

c) soil that all plants need to grow

d) chloroplasts that enter the roots and move to the leaves

The modified fish are able to produce the new growth hormone because

a) each of their cells contains the new gene to produce growth hormone

b) each gene contains the code to synthesize carbohydrates

c) the altered gene directs the mitochondria to synthesize the hormone

d) the modified body cells are able to reproduce by meiosis

One practical way governments can help prevent the harmful effects of UV radiation is to

a) require everyone to remain indoors during daylight hours

b) regulate the production and release of gases that damage the ozone shield

c) encourage the building of a greater number of cancer treatment centers

d) prohibit the use of solar panels on homes and businesses

This is an example of human activity

a) interfering with ecological succession

b) increasing competition for infinite resources

c) disrupting the homeostasis of organisms

d) altering the equilibrium of ecosystems

New York State charges consumers a fee when purchasing beverages sold in aluminum cans and plastic bottles. This money is returned to purchasers when they return these items for recycling. Programs such as these are an attempt to

a) encourage people to spend more money on their beverages

b) conserve the resources these containers are made from

c) reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced by deforestation

d) totally eliminate the use of reusable containers

Recently, a human trachea (a respiratory organ) was produced by using a patient’s own stem cells. The benefit of using the patient’s own cells to produce a trachea instead of receiving one from a donor is that

a) there will be more enzymes produced to help maintain homeostasis in the trachea

b) there will be an increase in the quantity of antibodies that the patient produces in response to the new trachea

c) there is less of a chance that the patient’s immune system will attack the trachea

d) there will be a greater response to any infectious agent that may enter the body

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