August 2018 Living Environment Regents Questions 11-20 Question Preview (ID: 56840)

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As human red blood cells mature, they lose their nuclei. As a result of this loss, which process would be impossible for mature red blood cells to carry out?

a) excretion

b) respiration

c) reproduction

d) transport

To clone a mammal, a cloned embryo is often put into an adult female of the same species to continue internal development. The structure in which the embryo will develop is the

a) ovary

b) placenta

c) uterus

d) egg

Nuclear power plants, which produce electrical energy, use large quantities of water for cooling. Often, small fish, larvae, and fish eggs are sucked in along with the cooling water and destroyed. This example illustrates how

a) industrialization can have positive and negative effects

b) removal of these organisms has no effect on an ecosystem

c) direct harvesting increases the natural fish population

d) energy is generated without producing wastes

Acid rain is a major problem in the Adirondack Mountains. Evidence that acid rain negatively affected the Adirondack ecosystem is that

a) this rain has increased the amount of water in Adirondack lakes

b) there has been a decrease in the variety of fish found in Adirondack lakes

c) the amount of carbon dioxide in the air over the Adirondack Mountains has drastically decreased in recent years

d) the number of heterotrophic organisms in Adirondack lakes has increased

Which system in a multicellular organism functions most like the cytoplasm in a single-celled organism?

a) immune

b) reproductive

c) nervous

d) circulatory

The ATP molecule above is commonly used to

a) actively transport molecules in an organism

b) diffuse water across a membrane

c) move molecules from a high to a low concentration

d) balance the nutrients in an ecosystem

Fat molecules typically contain long chains of carbon atoms. Animals tend to store fats for use when food resources are scarce. This is an advantage to the animal because

a) much energy can be gained by breaking the bonds between atoms in the fats

b) fats give off carbon dioxide that can be used by the muscles

c) amino acids from fat synthesis are more easily digested than carbohydrates

d) energy can only be created by digesting fats

While looking at the bottom surface of a leaf with a compound light microscope, a student notices pairs of cells with openings between them on the surface of the leaf. The main purpose of these openings and the cells that surround them is

a) removing excess sugars

b) synthesis of carbon dioxide

c) regulating gas exchange

d) purification of water

An immune response to a usually harmless environmental substance is known as

a) an antigen

b) a vaccination

c) an allergy

d) a mutation

Which statement could account for the similarities between the woolly mammoth and present-day elephants?

a) Common gene mutations were caused by agents such as industrial chemicals and radiation.

b) Present-day species developed from earlier, different species.

c) Selective breeding results in offspring better able to survive.

d) Both animals have identical genetic information.

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