January 2018 Living Environment Regents Questions 21-30 Question Preview (ID: 56829)

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Carbon dioxide and oxygen are important resources in ecosystems and are

a) recycled through the activity of living and nonliving systems

b) stored in the animals of the ecosystem

c) lost due to the activities of decomposers

d) released by the process of photosynthesis

Before they can pass from a parent cell to its offspring cells, the inherited instructions that a human cell carries must first be

a) moved into the nucleus

b) broken down and made into DNA molecules

c) used to make specific protein molecules that form genes

d) accurately replicated

Eye color, hair color, and skin color often vary from person to person and even within a family. One explanation is that

a) the glucose units in a DNA molecule are often rearranged

b) the genetic material of the female parent has the most influence on offspring

c) the inherited traits of individuals are determined by different gene combinations

d) some extra parts of genetic material are often gained during fertilization

Organic compounds are used as building blocks for

a) water, DNA, and starches

b) water, proteins, and oxygen

c) proteins, DNA, and carbon dioxide

d) proteins, starches, and fats

Scientists have developed the ability to manufacture hormones, such as human growth hormone, using bacteria. One benefit of this new technology is that

a) scientists can use only one type of bacteria

b) bacteria are relatively inexpensive and reproduce quickly

c) patients can spend more money on their medications

d) scientists produce drugs that cause more immune reactions

Although all of the cells of a plant contain the same genetic material, root cells and leaf cells are not identical because they

a) use different genetic bases for the synthesis of DNA

b) use different parts of their genetic instructions

c) select different cells to express

d) delete different sections of their enzymes

During cellular respiration, what is the direct source of the energy used in the cells of consumers in the ecosystem represented below?

a) the Sun

b) enzymes

c) the atoms making up inorganic molecules

d) the chemical bonds in organic molecules

Which dissolved substance do aquatic animals remove from their external environment for use in cellular respiration?

a) carbon dioxide

b) ATP molecules

c) oxygen molecules

d) nitrogen gas

Which statement best explains the differences in fur color between these two cats?

a) The cat kept indoors is older than the cat kept outdoors.

b) The environment influenced the expression of fur color genes.

c) The environment influenced the production of all the proteins in the cat kept outdoors.

d) The cat kept outdoors has a gene mutation that prevents it from producing light-colored fur.

Which letter indicates the specific structure where most hereditary mutations occur?

a) A

b) B

c) C

d) D

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