Evolution Review Question Preview (ID: 50177)


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Which is true because of comparative embryology?
a) A frog embryo resembles an adult frog
b) Turtle and human embryos have a tail
c) Male and female eagle embryos have wings
d) The embryos of all animals appear different

Evidence that Homo erectus was more intelligent than its predecessors would include ____.
a) a small cranial capacity as indicated by their skeletal remains
b) signs of agriculture and tilled fields
c) involved messages they wrote on cave walls
d) tools such as hand axes that have been found near their fire pits

What is the term describing the process that occurs when a species evolves into a new species without a physical barrier separating populations?
a) allopatric speciation
b) adaptive radiation
c) sympatric speciation
d) coevolution

What is represented in the geologic time scale?
a) current plants and animal groupings
b) major geological and biological events in Earth's history
c) steps of endosymbiosis
d) fossil formation in sedimentary rock

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution?
a) Natural selection and evolution are the same thing
b) Natural selection includes evolution as a part of it
c) Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution
d) Natural selection results from evolution

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of derived traits and ancestral traits?
a) Derived traits appear in species; ancestral traits appear in genus or higher taxa
b) Derived traits result from artificial selection; ancestral traits result from natural selection
c) Derived traits are primitive; ancestral traits are contemporary
d) Derived traits are recent features; ancestral traits are more primitive features

Superficially similar features molded by natural selection in very different species are classified as what kind of structures?
a) vestigial
b) analogous
c) homologous
d) comparative

Which describes what scientists believe the conditions of Earth were like 4.5 billion years ago?
a) volcanic landscape surrounding a molten core with no atmosphere
b) liquid rock with no atmosphere being bombarded with radiation
c) thin-rock crust surrounding a molten core with a thin atmosphere
d) molten planet surrounded by a thick atmosphere of noxious gases

When allelic frequencies remain unchanged, a population is in genetic equilibrium. This statement expresses which of the following?
a) genetic drift
b) sympatric speciation
c) prezygotic isolating mechanism
d) Hardy-Weinberg principle

Homologous structures might be the result of a change in allele frequencies over successive generations. Why have these structures probably continued?
a) they were predestined in a species
b) they were neutral, not harmful, mutations
c) they made a particular organism more attractive to a mate
d) they were beneficial in a particular environment

What type of natural selection favors average individuals in a population?
a) disruptive selections
b) directional selection
c) stabilizing selection
d) bias

What is one advantage of radiometric dating over relative dating?
a) the age of an isolated rock can be determined
b) radiometric dating can be performed by students
c) a geiger counter can be used
d) radiometric dating can be performed in the field

What has shown that Neanderthals were a distinct species from modern humans?
a) position of the foramen magnum
b) use of tools
c) comparison of skull shapes
d) DNA evidence from fossil bones

How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?
a) They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on Earth
b) Fossils reveal that many species have remained unchanged for millions of years
c) They show evidence of species that are now extinct
d) They are the primary source of evidence of natural selection

Which explains why oxygen was absent from Earth’s early atmosphere?
a) Volcanic gases suppressed the natural production of oxygen
b) Excess heat converted atmospheric oxygen into other gases
c) Oxygen chemically combined with newly formed rocks
d) Photosynthesizing organisms such as plants had not yet appeared

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