Modernization, Tradition, And The Middle East Question Preview (ID: 41522)


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Kemal Atatürk’s efforts to modernize Turkish culture were most strongly opposed by
a) Indian nationalists
b) republicans
c) industrialists
d) religious forces

Which reform was included in Atatürk’s efforts to modernize Turkey?
a) reintroducing strict Islamic law
b) granting women the right to vote
c) adopting Arabic script
d) requiring men to wear a fez

One way in which Atatürk of Turkey and Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam are similar is that they both
a) led nationalist movements in their countries
b) formed communist governments
c) kept their countries out of the United Nations
d) led their countries during the Cold War

In the 1920s and 1930s, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk changed the Turkish government by
a) introducing democratic reforms
b) increasing the power of the sultan
c) supporting absolutism
d) incorporating religious teachings into civil law

The rule of Kemal Atatürk and the rule of Shah Reza Pahlavi are similar because both leaders
a) promoted westernization and modernization
b) increased the power of the clergy
c) established communist policies
d) banned foreign investors

The desire of the Kurds and of the Palestinians for independent states is based on the principle of
a) free trade
b) nationalism
c) collective security
d) modernization

Most of the world’s known oil reserves are located near which geographic area?
a) Persian Gulf
b) North Sea
c) Ural Mountains
d) Gulf of Mexico

The Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal are strategically important because they are
a) under the control of Communist nations
b) at the center of the world's major illegal drug trade
c) the cause of friction between Israel and its Arab neighbors
d) trade routes for petroleum exports to nations around the world

In the 1970s, when Iran was ruled by the Shah, the Ayatollah Khomeini’s major criticism was of the
a) Shah’s friendship with the Soviet Union
b) return to traditional Islamic law
c) lack of political and social rights for women
d) non-Islamic influences on the culture and economy

One similarity in the actions of Benito Mussolini and Saddam Hussein is that both
a) established a democratic form of government
b) denied individual rights
c) expanded the power of labor unions
d) sought a classless society

The Armenian Massacre and Saddam Hussein’s attacks against the Kurds are examples of
a) apartheid
b) enslavement
c) human rights violations
d) forced collectivization

The Boxer Rebellion, the Salt March, and the Iranian Revolution were reactions against
a) Mongol rule
b) rapid industrialization
c) Western influence
d) economic depression

Which leader is responsible for westernizing Turkey and creating a secular government?
a) Kemal Atatürk
b) Saddam Hussein
c) Ayatollah Khomeini
d) Anwar Sadat

In Iran, both the Revolution of 1979 and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism have caused
a) an increase in women’s rights
b) tension between traditionalism and modernization to continue
c) foreign control of natural resources to expand
d) the introduction of a communist form of government

What is a long-term effect of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979?
a) Communism was strengthened in South Asia.
b) Hostilities between China and India lessened.
c) The influence of militant Islamic groups increased in the region.
d) Tensions along the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan were reduced.

One way in which Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini and Afghanistan’s Taliban were similar is that they each
a) established an Islamic state
b) sponsored a United Nations Conference on Women’s Rights
c) joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
d) incorporated communist doctrine into their government

Which statement concerning the Islamic world is most accurate?
a) Religious unity had led to political unity among Islamic nations.
b) The only Islamic nations of the world are found in the Middle East.
c) All Islamic nations are totally committed to the destruction of Israel.
d) Significant religious and political differences exist among Islamic sects.

Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum to Serbia in 1914 and the United States military actions in Afghanistan beginning in 2001 are both reactions to acts of
a) imperialism
b) isolationism
c) communism
d) terrorism

A goal of modern-day religious fundamentalism is to
a) combine the religious teachings of Islam and Christianity
b) maintain traditional religious values in society
c) encourage the practice of other religions
d) adopt secular attitudes instead of religious beliefs

In 1978, which action did Egyptian President Anwar Sadat take that resulted in serious conflict with other Arab leaders?
a) expelling American military advisors from Egypt
b) signing a formal peace treaty with Israel
c) supporting Arab forces during the Six-Day War
d) importing weapons from Western nations

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