2017 Evolution And Natural Selection Review Question Preview (ID: 37367)


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Over time, the length of giraffes’ necks changed slightly to allow them to reach taller trees. How should this change be classified?
a) mutation
b) adaptation
c) acquired trait
d) genetic constant

Bird wings and insect wings are analogous structures. Which can most likely be concluded?
a) Insects evolved from birds.
b) Birds evolved from insects.
c) Birds and insects have a close common ancestor.
d) Birds and insects do not have a close common ancestor.

Which best explains why species living in Australia are found nowhere else on Earth?
a) Australia has an ecosystem different from any other area on Earth.
b) Humans have genetically altered many Australian species in laboratories.
c) Australian species were genetically altered after a comet hit the landmass.
d) Australia separated from other continents and species there evolved independently.

The human arm contains the radius and ulna bones. Whales, bats, and dogs also have these bones. Which statement best explains this relationship between the organisms?
a) Humans evolved from whales, bats, and dogs.
b) Humans and the other animals share a common ancestor.
c) Humans evolved around the same time as the other animals.
d) Humans have existed in the same location as the other animals.

What do scientists most often use to form the basis for biological classification?
a) dietary habits
b) population size
c) geographic location
d) comparative anatomy

Which is the best sign of the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in evolutionary biology?
a) the number of offspring that survive to reproduce
b) the physical traits of the offspring
c) the behavior of the offspring
d) the diet of the offspring

Which is most likely to affect a species’s chances of survival after a sudden environmental change?
a) genetic drift
b) genetic variation
c) genetic mutation
d) genetic articulation

What characteristic of living things helps them to adapt to a changing environment?
a) cryptic coloration
b) genetic variation
c) phenotypic characteristics
d) vestigial organs

Which best describes the relationship between genetic variation and an organism’s ability to adapt to its environment?
a) The environment causes genetic variation in a population of organisms, which allows them to adapt to their environment.
b) Genetic variations in a population of organisms result in individuals with similar genetic traits and the ability to adapt to
c) Organisms of a population have certain traits that enable them to adapt to changes in the environment, survive, and pass thes
d) A population of organisms with little genetic variation is better able to adapt to changes in their environment than organism

Some scientists think that all life evolved from a common ancestor. Which below DOES NOT provide evidence that this may be true?
a) homologous structures of organisms
b) embryo development in vertibrates
c) analogous structures of organisms
d) The fossil record

The scientific name for a giraffe is Giraffa camelopardalis. What two levels of classification does this name represent?
a) family and order
b) kingdom and species
c) phylum and class
d) genus and species

The process of change over time, specifically a change in the frequency of a trait over time.
a) evolution
b) mutualism
c) competition
d) natural selection

Which can cause an organism to develop genetic variation that could be used to help it survive?
a) cloning
b) mutations
c) radioactive decay
d) mass extinctions

Which best illustrates how comparative anatomy supports the modern theory of evolution?
a) Whales have finger bones in their fins.
b) Alligators have eyes positioned to peek out just above the waterline.
c) The African lion’s tan coat blends in with the environment, helping it to stalk prey.
d) Koalas rarely need to drink because they get most of their water from the eucalyptus leaves they eat.

Which evidence best supports the theory that many species of organisms have become extinct?
a) the loss of a species’ habitat
b) the evolution of a new species
c) the fossil record shows organisms that no longer exist
d) the increase in predators of the species

The fin of the shark, wing of the penguin and flipper of the dolphin are all used for swimming but are very different structures. What is the term for these structures?
a) Homologous structures
b) Vestigial structures
c) Analogous structures
d) Confluent structures

Which best describes the relationship between genetic variation and the ability to adapt to one’s environment?
a) Genetic variation has no effect on the ability to adapt.
b) As genetic variation increases, the ability to adapt increases.
c) As genetic variation decreases, the ability to adapt increases.
d) As genetic variation increases, the ability to adapt decreases.

Which best explains the relationship between evolution and natural selection?
a) Evolution causes natural selection.
b) Evolution prevents natural selection.
c) Natural selection prevents evolution.
d) Natural selection is one aspect which drives evolution.

Which best helps scientists explore the relationship between modern organisms and ancestral species to create a system of biological classification?
a) fossils
b) volcanic ash
c) DNA evidence
d) igneous rock layers

A bird builds a nest in a tree. The tree gives the bird shelter and protection while the next does not harm or help the tree. What type of symbiosis is this?
a) mutualism
b) commensalism
c) parasitism
d) realism

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