Unit 03 Exam Review B- Skeletal And Cardiac Muscle Question Preview (ID: 37271)


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Myocardial cells exhibit a plateau phase instead of quickly repolarizing. This is due to
a) inward diffusion of calcium ions
b) inward diffusion of sodium ions
c) inward diffusion of potassium through special delayed closure channels
d) outward pumping of sodium through the fast Sodium/ Potassium pump

the cardiac pacemaker cells known as HCN cells open in response to ____ and allow passage of ___
a) hyperpolarization, sodium ions
b) hyperpolarization, chloride ions
c) depolarization, calcium ions
d) resting potential, Potassium ions

opening more slow Calcium Ion channels in the autorhythmic cells of the SA node would
a) increase heart rate
b) decrease heart rate
c) increase contractility
d) decrease contractility

on average the ejection fraction of the left ventricle is about 60% of the _______
a) end diastolic volume
b) pre contraction volume
c) total cardiac volume
d) ventriculo-aortic volume

systole refers to ______, while diastole refers to _____
a) contraction, relaxation
b) relaxation, contraction
c) filling, emptying
d) opening, closing

the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles with each heartbeat is the
a) stroke volume
b) blood pressure
c) end diastolic volume
d) cardiac output

the _______valve prevents blood from flowing back to the left atrium from the left ventricle.
a) bicuspid or mitral
b) aortic semilunar
c) tricuspid or vitral
d) pulmonary semilunar

the pathway from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart is
a) pulmonary circulation
b) systemic circulation
c) cardiac circulation
d) pluck circulation

as smooth muscle lacks troponin, the activation of myosin-actin cross bridges is mediated by
a) calmodulin
b) tropomyosin
c) titin
d) myoglobin

in cardiac muscle, calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by
a) mechanically linked calcium release channels
b) voltage gated calcium channels
c) calcium gated calcium channels
d) ligand gated calcium channels

cardiac muscles are conductive because
a) intercalated discs contain numerous gap juncitons
b) thick fibers are cross-linked by C proteins
c) the protein titin has elastic properties
d) they contain sodium leak channels

_______ is the inhibition of an antagonistic muscle so the agonist can act unopposed
a) reciprocal innervation
b) monosynaptic reflex
c) decussant extensor action
d) flaccid paralysis

______ is a 'flapping' tremor caused by alternating activation of antagonistic reflex arcs
a) clonus
b) tetanus
c) treppe
d) spastic paralysis

muscle fatigue occurs when
a) glycogen is depleted
b) muscle fibers cannot contract completely
c) pH inside the muscle fiber increases
d) the concentration of Potassium ions outside the cell increases

slow twitch muscle fibers have a ___ oxidative capacity and ___ glycogen content
a) high / low
b) low / high
c) high / high
d) low / low

a reserve of high-energy phosphate is stored in muscle as
a) phosphocreatine
b) adenosine diphosphate
c) glucose-6-phosphate
d) creatine kinase

a force- velocity curve shows a(n) ______ relationship between the force opposing the contraction and its velocity
a) inverse
b) direct
c) absence of
d) paradoxical

when a muscle cell generates tension but does not shorten, the 'contraction' is
a) isometric
b) isotonic
c) isokinetic
d) eccentric

smooth, controlled muscle contractions are due to
a) asynchronous activation of motor units
b) synchronous activation of motor units
c) pairwise activation of antagonistic motor units
d) synchronous deactivation of motor units

The production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces a recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart called a(n) 
a) EKG / ECG
b) EMG
c) TRACE
d) STRESS TEST

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