Genetics Part 2 Question Preview (ID: 35753)
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If you decide to buy a purebred puppy, you would have many different dog breeds to choose from. The wide variety of dog breeds is the result of hundreds of years of
a) genetic engineering.
b) gene sequencing.
c) random mating.
d) selective breeding.
Selective breeding happens
a) in one generation.
b) in two generations.
c) over many generations.
d) over thousands of generations.
The selective breeding of wild mustard has _________ _________ and produced at least four other vegetable crops.
a) decreased biodiversity
b) increased biodiversity
c) eliminated biodiversity
d) maintained biodiversity
In some instances, humans breed animals that are close relatives to produce desired traits. This is called
a) artificial selection.
b) cloning.
c) inbreeding.
d) random mating.
The Brahman cattle have good resistance to high temperature, but its meat is poor and tough. The English shorthorn cattle have good meat, but poor resistance to high temperatures.Using ___ might get the best traits of both.
a) genetic engineering.
b) inbreeding.
c) natural selection.
d) selective breeding.
Humans often selectively breed plants to create better, more nutritious crops. Plants are not as difficult to selectively breed as animals because most plants have
a) a natural resistance to disease.
b) both male and female reproductive parts.
c) only male or female reproductive parts.
d) very simple genetic codes.
Which crisis can be improved by selective breeding?
a) famine
b) global warming
c) overpopulation
d) pollution
Scientists have changed the DNA of a type of cabbage so that it contains a tiny amount of poison from a scorpion’s tail. The poison in the cabbage kills caterpillars that try to eat it. This is an example of
a) artificial selection.
b) gene therapy.
c) genetic engineering.
d) selective breeding.
North Carolina ranks second in production of Christmas trees in the United States. Scientists in North Carolina are developing a clone bank of disease and insect resistant trees. How would this be beneficial to Christmas tree growers?
a) Trees would grow faster.
b) Crop loss would be reduced.
c) Trees would not need as much fertilizer.
d) More tree species would be available to grow.
During cell division, or mitosis, an exact duplicate of the original cell is produced. The instructions for cell division are found in the __________ in the __________.
a) chromosomes:nucleus
b) nucleus:nucleolus
c) nucleus:RNA
d) ribosomes:RNA
Chromosomes, which contain DNA, have several functions. All BUT ONE of these statements is a function of chromosomes.
a) Chromosomes determine the traits of an organism.
b) Chromosomes provide instructions to make proteins.
c) Chromosomes determine the gender of an individual.
d) Chromosomes help an organism produce usable energy.
Your three blood cell types have different sizes, shapes, and functions. Yet they all started out alike. Within each cell of your body there are ___________, which give the instructions for cell processes including differentiation of blood cells.
a) centromeres
b) chromosomes
c) karyotypes
d) mitochondria
Your gender, whether you are male or female, is determined by the
a) X or Y chromosomes, inherited from father.
b) X or Y chromosomes, inherited from your mother.
c) two of the 22 pairs of chromosomes your inherited.
d) chromosomes from your mother and X from your father.
Your eye color, sex, and hair color are all determined by the DNA in your genes. Where are these genes located?
a) proteins
b) red blood cells
c) centrioles
d) chromosomes
A _______ is a segment of a chromosome that codes for a specific protein
a) amino acid
b) codon
c) gene
d) nucleotide
Scientists can alter potato plants in order to produce bigger and better potato crops. To do this, scientists alter specific ________ found in the DNA of the plants' cells.
a) codons
b) chromosomes
c) genes
d) RNA
Amniocentesis is a process in which amniotic fluid is taken from the mother's womb to identify any genetic abnormalities in the fetus. How would the discovery of the human genome contribute to this process?
a) The defective gene can be replaced with its normal counterpart.
b) The exact location of a particular disease-causing gene can be determined.
c) Scientists will be able to detect new genes, causing other genetic disorders.
d) Scientists can block the action of defective genes and arrest any genetic abnormalities.
Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants or animals so that they inherit particular traits from their parents. What is a possible consequence of selectively breeding a crop species?
a) The crop becomes more tolerant to drought.
b) The quality and yield of the crop improves.
c) The crop becomes resistant to bacteria and fungi.
d) The offspring have the same traits as the parents.
A particular plant bears large-sized fruits. Another variety of the same plant is resistant to pests. What process should be adopted to combine the traits of the two varieties of plants?
a) Inbreeding
b) Pure breeding
c) Hybridization
d) Line breeding
Biotechnology has helped produce crops that are resistant to certain pests, crops that produce high yields, and more nitrogen-efficient crops. What is a negative impact that bioengineered plants may have on the environment?
a) Beneficial insects may be adversely affected.
b) Plants have an increased resistance to insect pests.
c) There is an increased need for inorganic fertilizers.
d) Genetically engineered plants may have a longer shelf life.
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