BIOL G220 Unit 5 Lecture Exam Review C Question Preview (ID: 34313)


Urinary System Topics. TEACHERS: click here for quick copy question ID numbers.

blood leaving the renal corpuscle via the _____ can take one of two paths: around the proximal and distal tubules in ____, or around the _____ as the ___
a) afferent arteriole: peritubular capillaries, nephron loop/ vasa recta
b) renal portal: proximal distal capillaries, intermediate tubule/ vasa recta
c) interlobular vein: intratubular capillaries, nephron loop/ nephric capillaries
d) tube of Bowman, intracapsular veins, transmedullary tubule / ducts of Henle

about __ of the nephrons lie close to the corticomedulllary junction and send nephrons deep into the medulla, earning them the name _____; the balance of the nephrons are said to be _____
a) 15%, juxtamedullary; cortical
b) 85%, medullary; juxtacortical
c) 45% transcortical; intracortical
d) 55%, intracortical, transcortical

the distal convoluted tubule abuts its renal corpuscle, forming the _______: where it participates in the regulation of ____
a) juxtaglomerular apparatus: blood pressure
b) juxtacapsular apparatus: renal clearance
c) juxtamedullary apparatus: glomerular filtration rate
d) juxtacortical apparatus: blood oxygen content

of the processes that modify tubular fluid to transform it into _____, the main one that occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule is
a) urine; reabsorption
b) ultrafiltrate; remundation
c) extratubular fluid; pressurization
d) renal filtrate; secretion

the primary process of tubular fluid modification that is taking place in the distal convoluted tubule is
a) secretion
b) serous discharge
c) reabsorption
d) osmotic gradient

as tubular fluid continues to be modified by the _____, it is not officially 'urine' until it reaches the
a) collecting duct, papillary duct
b) renal tubule, renal pelvis
c) nephric duct, renal calyx
d) amalgamating tube, aeophrogratic duct

Kidneys are ______; it is possible to determine this even if
a) retroperitoneal; the model in the illustration is wearing clothing
b) gastropodal; they are not molluscan
c) intraperitoneal; the membrane is damaged during dissection
d) abdominopelvic; they are removed from the body

the ___ Kidney is superior to the ____; due to the placement of the ____
a) left, right; liver
b) anterior, posterior; renal hillux
c) right, left; spleen
d) left, right; urinary bladder

the glomerulus consists of ____ capillaries and specialized cells called ______; these allow ____ to exit the capillaries and collect in the ____
a) fenestrated, podocytes; fluid, capsule
b) sinusoid, nephrocytes; filtrate, proximal tubule
c) continuous, renocytes, tubular fluid, capsule
d) anastomosed, pediocytes, urine, renal duct

the urinary tract contains the _____, which transport urine from the kidneys to the ____; urine finally leaves the body via the
a) ureters, bladder; urethra
b) urethrae, bladder, ureter
c) renal ducts, renal pelvis, urogenital orifice
d) renal tubules, renal medulla, cloaca

after entering the kidney at the hillus through the renal artery, blood flows through segmental and interlobar arteries before traveling along the corticomedullary junction in the ____ arteries
a) arcuate
b) interlobular
c) afferent
d) corticomedullary

blood enters the renal corpuscle via an ____ artery, which is ____ compared to the _____ whereby it exits the corpuscle: this creates _____ within the _____
a) afferent, larger in diameter, efferent; higher presure, glomerulus
b) interlobular, less porous, intratubular; tubular fluid, capsule
c) anastomosed, more highly branched, passthrough; turbulent blood flow, capillaries
d) urinary, more porous, renal; tubular fluid, proximal convoluted tubule

Each of the renal ____ drains into a set of ___ that ultimately combine to form the renal _____
a) pyramids, calyx, pelvis
b) corpuscles, tubules, vessels
c) arterioles, venuoles, vein
d) corticies, medulla, pyramid

The kidneys control the selective secretion and reabsorption of _____ and ______
a) water, electrolytes
b) blood cells, wastes
c) tubular fluid, billirubin
d) tubular fluid, urea (uric acid)

in cross section, the kidney is seen to contain an outer ____ which is rife with renal_____, and interior to that several _____ lobes which are home to several nephron
a) cortex, corpuscles; medullary, loops
b) medulla, tubules; cortical, columns
c) calyx, pelvis; renal, pyramids
d) cortex, tubules; medullary, capsules

another thing that specialized cells in the kidneys do is maintain the ___ of the blood; this is done by____ which causes___
a) oxygen capacity; releasing erythropoeitin- red blood cell production
b) immune response; releasing leukopoeitin- white blood cell production
c) pH balance; releasing Hydrogen or Ammonium Ions into the blood - buffers the blood
d) temperature of the blood; releasing myocontractin- increased rate of smooth muscle contraction

in addition to filtering out and eliminating wastes, the kidneys have another major function, ______ this is accomplished by ______
a) fluid homeostasis; producing dilute or concentrated urine
b) gas exchange; comingling arterial and venous capillaries (in convoluted tubules)
c) maintain osmotic balance, sequestering salts
d) maintain lymphatic balance, controlling blood flow to the spleen

the bladder is lined with _______ because it _____
a) transitional epithelium, stretches
b) cilliated 'brush border' cells, moves urine
c) lymph nodules, fights urinary tract infections
d) renal pits, reabsorbs water

like most other things in Human Anatomy, the urinary system is divided into two structural / functional sections: the ____, which _____; and the ____, which____
a) kidneys, produce urine; urinary tract, stores, transports, expels urine
b) hemomundic system, filters blood; renal system, produces urine
c) conducting, transports blood; nephric, filters blood
d) afferent, takes in blood for filtering; efferent, returns filtered blood to the bloodstream

how important is the urinary system?
a) without a urinary system, you could not live
b) you could live without a urinary system, with proper diet, surgery, medication, and dialysis
c) you could live without a urinary system, with significant lifestyle changes
d) the urinary system is the appendix of bodily systems

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