Genetics And The Central Dogma Question Preview (ID: 24068)
DNA Basics, Replication, Translation, Transcription, And Mutations.
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When DNA separates into two strands, the DNA would most likely be directly involved in
a) replication
b) fertilization
c) differentiation
d) evolution
What determines the kind of genes an organism possesses?
a) type of amino acids in the cells of the organism
b) sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the DNA of the organism
c) size of simple sugar molecules in the organs of the organism
d) shape of the protein molecules in the organelles of the organism
If a set of instructions that determines all of the characteristics of an organism is compared to a book, and a chromosome is compared to a chapter in the book, then what might be compared to a paragraph in the book?
a) a starch molecule
b) an egg
c) an amino acid
d) a DNA molecule
In a DNA sample, 15% of the bases are thymine (T). What percentage of the bases in this sample are adenine (A)?
a) 15%
b) 30%
c) 35%
d) 85%
Within which structure of an animal cell does DNA replication take place?
a) vacuole
b) cell membrane
c) nucleus
d) ribosome
The kind of genes an organism possesses is dependent upon the
a) type of proteins in the organism’s nuclei
b) sequence of bases in the organism’s DNA
c) number of ribosomes in the organism’s cytoplasm
d) size of the mitochondria in the organism’s cells
The instructions for the traits of an organism are coded in the arrangement of
a) glucose units in carbohydrate molecules
b) bases in DNA in the nucleus
c) fat molecules in the cell membrane
d) energy-rich bonds in starch molecules
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
a) ribosome–protein synthesis
b) mitochondrion–movement
c) vacuole–cell division
d) nucleus–storage of nutrients
What occurs during the digestion of protein?
a) Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.
b) Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.
c) Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.
d) Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.
A medical test indicates that a patient has a defective protein. This condition is most likely due to a change in the directions coded in the
a) number of hydrogen atoms in starch molecules
b) sequence of inorganic molecules
c) number of carbon atoms in sugar molecules
d) sequence of subunits in DNA
The shape of a protein molecule is influenced by
a) whether it is organic or inorganic
b) the sequence of amino acids in it
c) the number of genes found in the nucleus
d) the number of chromosomes in the cell
A change in the order of DNA bases that code for a respiratory protein will most likely cause
a) the production of a starch that has a similar function
b) the digestion of the altered gene by enzymes
c) a change in the sequence of amino acids determined by the gene
d) the release of antibodies by certain cells to correct the error
What determines the kind of genes an organism possesses?
a) type of amino acids in the cells of the organism
b) sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the DNA of the organism
c) size of simple sugar molecules in the organs of the organism
d) shape of the protein molecules in the organelles of the organism
A change in the base sequence of DNA is known as
a) a gene mutation
b) a karyotype
c) nondisjunction
d) polyploidy
Although genetic mutations may occur spontaneously in organisms, the incidence of such mutations may be increased by
a) radioactive substances in the environment
b) lack of vitamins in the diet
c) a long exposure to humid climates
d) a short exposure to freezing temperature
According to the gene-chromosome theory, which statement is true?
a) Genes are present only on human chromosomes.
b) Genes are arranged in a linear sequence on a chromosome.
c) Alleles are located on nonhomologous chromosomes.
d) Mutations occur mainly in sex cells.
Mutagenic agents are substances that
a) increase the rate of gene mutations
b) decrease the rate of gene mutations
c) have no effect upon the rate of gene mutation
d) cause gene mutations but not other chromosomal changes
A characteristic of mutations is that they usually
a) are caused only by the events of mitosis
b) do not occur at random
c) result in different genetic sequences
d) occur to meet the needs of a species
A random change in the base sequence of DNA resulting in the production of a defective protein is called
a) translocation
b) addition
c) deletion
d) gene mutation
The kind of genes an organism possesses is dependent upon the
a) type of proteins in the organism’s nuclei
b) sequence of bases in the organism’s DNA
c) number of ribosomes in the organism’s cytoplasm
d) size of the mitochondria in the organism’s cells
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