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Test Description: Review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) What 3 immune cells stimulate synoviocytes
A
Cytokines, T helper cells, Neutrophils
B
VEGF, E-selectins, T helper cells
C
Cytokines, B cells, Eosinophils
D
Calcium, Macrophages, Histamine
2) What does the enzyme protease do?
A
Break down proteins
B
Break down fats
C
Break down pathogens
D
Break down bone
3) Which of the following would activate macrophages?
A
Maintaining a normal weight
B
Exercising regularly
C
Eating fruits and vegetables
D
Having pes valgus (eversion of the foot)
4) What is the function of the chemical VEGF?
A
Form new blood vessels
B
Produce synovial fluid
C
Fight infection
D
Bring more immune cells to the injury site
5) What is the meaning of subchondral sclerosis?
A
The bone thickens and hardens
B
Secrete collagen
C
Builds new spongy bone
D
Decreases calcium deposits
6) What is not one of the factors that cause cartilage to thin as we age?
A
accumulation of calcium
B
Brittle bones
C
Trauma
D
Decrease hydration
7) The chemical capsaicin, functions to do what?
A
Forms bone spurs
B
Releases E-selectins in the blood vessels
C
Rebuilds nerve tissue
D
Reduces substance P
8) Which of the following is one of the functions of macrophages?
A
Causes cell death
B
Rebuilds proteins
C
Increase calcium uptake into bone
D
Releases cytokines
9) What is osteoarthritis
A
The atrophy of muscle
B
The muscle becoming rigid and stiff
C
Inflammation of the bone
D
The degeneration of the articular cartilage found in synovial joints
10) What are synoviocytes responsible for doing?
A
Producing cytokines
B
Producing osteoblasts
C
Producing more swelling
D
Producing synovial fluid
11) Which part of a joint does osteoarthritis usually affect?
A
Bone
B
Tendon
C
All of the above
D
Cartilage
12) Which of these medicines is used to treat osteoarthritis?
A
Aspirin
B
Corticosteroid injections
C
All of the above
D
Acetaminophen
13) When a person gets osteoarthritis of the hip, where else might the pain show up?
A
Arm
B
Groin
C
Feet
D
Shoulders
14) What are symptoms of osteoarthritis?
A
Joint pain
B
Joint swelling
C
All of the above
D
Joint stiffness
15) Osteophytes develop due to what?
A
The increase and proliferation of osteocytes
B
Growth hormone secretion
C
Abnormal bone deposits from osteoblasts
D
Increase bone calcium accumulation
16) In this fracture one side of the bone is cracked while the other side is bent. What type of fracture is this?
A
Compound fracture
B
Spiral fracture
C
Transverse fracture
D
Green stick fracture
17) Define non-union?
A
the healing stopped before union occurred
B
None of them
C
the fracture healed in unacceptable position.
D
the healing process is slower than normal.
18) Impacted fracture is define as what?
A
one end of bone is driven up into the other
B
diagonal crack across the long axis of the bone
C
crack perpendicular to long axis of the bone
D
broken bone is pressed inward (skull fracture)
19) A fragment of bone that is pulled away by tendon.
A
Simple
B
Compound
C
Avulsion
D
Comminuted
20) One end of the fractured bone is force-fully driven in to the interior of the other.
A
Impacted fracture
B
Colles' fracture
C
Greenstick
D
Open fracture
*select an answer for all questions
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