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Evolution And Ecological Niches
Test Description: Use your knowledge of Living Environment to answer all questions in the data set. You may need a calculator to answer some of the questions. Good Luck.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Which of the following statements is most closely related to the modern theory of evolution?
A
Evolution is the result of mutations and recombination, only.
B
Asexual reproduction increases the survival of species.
C
Organisms best adapted to a changed environment are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes to offspring.
D
Characteristics that are acquired during life are passed to offspring by sexual reproduction.
2) The theory of biological evolution includes the concept that
A
individuals may acquire physical characteristics after birth and pass these acquired characteristics on to their offspring
B
the smallest organisms are always eliminated by the larger organisms within the ecosystem
C
fossils are the remains of present-day species and were all formed at the same time
D
species of organisms found on Earth today have adaptations not always found in earlier species
3) Natural selection and its evolutionary consequences provide a scientific explanation for each of the following except
A
protein and DNA similarities between different organisms
B
a stable physical environment
C
the fossil record
D
similar structures among different organisms
4) To determine evolutionary relationships between organisms, a comparison would most likely be made between all of the characteristics below except
A
structure of protein molecules present
B
methods of reproduction
C
number of their ATP molecules
D
sequences in their DNA molecules
5) Species of bacteria can evolve more quickly than species of mammals because bacteria have
A
less competition
B
higher rates of reproduction
C
lower mutation rates
D
more chromosomes
6) The presence of some similar structures in all vertebrates suggests that these vertebrates
A
all develop at the same rate
B
may have an evolutionary relationship
C
evolved from different animals that appeared on Earth at the same time
D
all develop internally and rely on nutrients supplied by the mother
7) The similarities of the bones labeled A in the diagram below provide evidence that
A
all structural characteristics are the same in animals
B
the organisms may have evolved from a common ancestor
C
the cells of the bones contain the same type of mutations
D
all species have one kind of bone structure
8) In a group of mushrooms exposed to a poisonous chemical, only a few of the mushrooms survived. The best explanation for the resistance of the surviving mushrooms is that the resistance
A
was transmitted to the mushrooms from the poisonous chemical
B
was transferred through the food web to the mushrooms
C
developed in response to the poisonous chemical
D
resulted from the presence of mutations in the mushrooms
Helpful Hint
In several species of birds, the males show off their bright colors and long feathers. The dull-colored females usually pick the brightest-colored males for mates. Male offspring inherit their father's bright colors and long feathers.
9) Compared to earlier generations, future generations of these birds will be expected to have a greater proportion of
A
dull-colored females
B
bright-colored females
C
dull-colored males
D
bright-colored males
10) A basketball player develops speed and power as a result of practice. This athletic ability will not be passed on to her offspring because
A
gametes do not carry complete sets of genetic information
B
base sequences in DNA are not affected by this activity
C
muscle cells do not carry genetic information
D
mutations that occur in body cells are not inherited
11) Certain insects resemble the bark of the trees on which they live. Which statement provides a possible biological explanation for this resemblance?
A
Natural selection played a role in the development of this protective coloration.
B
The trees caused mutations in the insects that resulted in protective coloration.
C
The insects needed camouflage so they developed protective coloration.
D
The lack of mutations resulted in the protective coloration.
12) The teeth of carnivores are pointed and are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. The teeth of herbivores are flat and are good for grinding and chewing. Which of the following statements best explains these observations?
A
The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of natural selection.
B
Carnivores have evolved from herbivores.
C
The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of the needs of an organism.
D
Herbivores have evolved from carnivores.
13) Meiosis and fertilization are important for the survival of many species because these two processes result in
A
large numbers of gametes
B
increasingly complex multicellular organisms
C
genetic variability of offspring
D
cloning of superior offspring
14) Which two processes result in variations that commonly influence the evolution of sexually reproducing species?
A
mutation and genetic recombination
B
mitosis and natural selection
C
environmental selection and selective breeding
D
extinction and gene replacement
15) Which process will increase variations that could be inherited?
A
active transport
B
mitotic cell division
C
recombination of genes
D
synthesis of proteins
16) Which characteristics of a population would most likely indicate the lowest potential for evolutionary change in that population?
A
asexual reproduction and few mutations
B
asexual reproduction and many mutations
C
sexual reproduction and many mutations
D
sexual reproduction and few mutations
17) Which of the following statements describes asexual reproduction?
A
It always enables organisms to survive in changing environmental conditions.
B
Mutations are not passed from generation to generation.
C
Adaptive traits are usually passed from parent to offspring without genetic modification.
D
It is responsible for many new variations in off spring.
18) Which factor could be the cause of the other three in an animal species?
A
extinction of the species
B
the inability of the species to adapt to changes
C
a decrease in the survival rate of the species
D
a lack of genetic variability in the species
19) Which process is least likely to add to the variety of traits in a population?
A
exchange of segments between chromosomes
B
deletion of bases from DNA
C
accurate replication of DNA
D
genetic engineering
20) In an environment that undergoes frequent change, species that reproduce sexually may have an advantage over species that reproduce asexually because the sexually reproducing species produce
A
more offspring in each generation
B
identical offspring
C
new species of offspring in each generation
D
offspring with more variety
*select an answer for all questions
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