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Scientific Inquiry And Experimental Design
Test Description: Use your knowledge of Living Environment to answer all questions in the data set. You may need a calculator to answer some of the questions. Good Luck.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Which statement best describes a scientific theory?
A
It is a collection of data designed to provide support for a prediction.
B
It is a general statement that is supported by many scientific observations.
C
It is a scientific fact that no longer requires any evidence to support it.
D
It is an educated guess that can be tested by experimentation.
Helpful Hint
In 1910, Thomas Morgan discovered a certain pattern of inheritance in fruit flies known as sex linkage. This discovery extended the ideas of inheritance that Gregor Mendel had discovered while working with garden peas in 1865.
2) Which principle of scientific inquiry does this illustrate?
A
The same experiment must be repeated many times to validate the results.
B
A control group must be part of a valid experiment.
C
Values can be used to make ethical decisions about scientific discovery.
D
Scientific explanations can be modified as new evidence is found.
3) A scientist is planning to carry out an experiment on the effect of heat on the function of a certain enzyme. Which would not be an appropriate first step?
A
doing research in a library
B
having discussions with other scientists
C
completing a data table of expected results
D
using what is already known about the enzyme
4) The development of an experimental research plan should not include a
A
procedure for the use of technologies needed for the experiment
B
list of equipment needed for conducting the experiment
C
conclusion based on data expected to be collected in the experiment
D
list of safety precautions for the experiment
5) Which source would provide the most reliable information for use in a research project investigating the effects of antibiotics on disease causing bacteria?
A
the local news section of a newspaper from 1993
B
an article in a weekly news magazine about reproduction in pathogens
C
a current professional science journal article on the control of pathogens
D
a news program on national television about antigens produced by various plants
Helpful Hint
A biologist used the Internet to contact scientists around the world to obtain information about declining amphibian populations. He was able to gather data on 936 populations of amphibians, consisting of 157 species from 37 countries. Results showed that the overall numbers of amphibians dropped 15% a year from 1960 to 1966 and continued to decline about 2% a year through 1997.
6) What is the importance of collecting an extensive amount of data such as this?
A
The quantity of data will lead to a better understanding of the extent of the problem.
B
Results from all parts of the world will be found to be identical.
C
The data collected will prove that all animal populations around the world are threatened.
D
Researchers will now be certain that the decline in the amphibian populations is due to pesticides.
7) Which procedure would most likely provide valid results in a test to determine if drug A would be effective in treating cancer in white mice?
A
injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer
B
injecting 1mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5mL of drug X into another group of 100 white mice with cancer
C
injecting 1mL drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 1mL of distilledwater into other group of 100 white mice with cancer
D
injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5 mL of drug X into white mice without cancer
8) Which of the following statements best describes a controlled experiment?
A
It tests the effect of a single independent variable.
B
It shows the effect of a dependent variable on an independent variable.
C
It avoids the use of variables.
D
It eliminates the need for dependent variables.
9) The first trial of a controlled experiment allows a scientist to isolate and test
A
a single variable
B
several variables
C
a logical conclusion
D
a variety of information
10) Students were asked to determine if they could squeeze a clothespin more times in a minute after resting than after exercising. An experiment that accurately tests this question should include all of the following except
A
two sets of clothespins, one that is easy to open and one that is more difficult to open
B
a hypothesis on which to base the design of the experiment
C
a control group and an experimental group with equal numbers of students of approximately the same age
D
a large number of students
Helpful Hint
An experiment was carried out to determine which mouthwash was most effective against bacteria commonly found in the mouth. Four paper discs were each dipped into a different brand of mouthwash. The discs were then placed onto the surface of a culture plate that contained food, moisture, and bacteria commonly found in the mouth. The diagram below shows the growth of bacteria on the plate after 24 hours.
11) Which change in procedure would have improved the experiment?
A
using the same size paper discs for each mouthwash
B
using bacteria from many habitats other than the mouth
C
using a smaller plate with less food and moisture
D
using the same type of mouthwash on each disc
12) Which of the following statements most accurately describes scientific inquiry?
A
It may lead to explanations that combine data with what people already know about their surroundings.
B
It ignores information from other sources.
C
It should never involve ethical decisions about the application of scientific knowledge.
D
It does not allow scientists to judge the reliability of their sources.
13) Researchers performing a well-designed experiment should base their conclusions on
A
data from repeated trials of the experiment
B
a small sample size to insure a reliable outcome of the experiment
C
results predicted before performing the experiment
D
the hypothesis of the experiment
14) A science researcher is reviewing another scientist's experiment and conclusion. The reviewer would most likely consider the experiment invalid if
A
the sample size produced a great deal of data
B
other individuals are able to duplicate the results
C
it contains conclusions not explained by the evidence given
D
the hypothesis was not supported by the data obtained
Helpful Hint
The data in the table below were collected during a reaction time experiment conducted in five biology classes. Average reaction times for each class were determined first at room temperature and then after cooling each student's hand in cold water for two minutes.
15) Which statement is best supported by the data?
A
Cooling the hand increases the reaction time.
B
Two minutes of cooling is not enough to affect reaction time.
C
Cooling the hand affects only some subjects.
D
Cooling the hand does not affect the reaction time.
Helpful Hint
In an investigation, 28 students in a class determined their pulse rates after performing each of three different activities. Each activity was performed three times during equal time intervals. The average results are shown in the graph below.
16) Before constructing the graph shown, it would have been most helpful to organize the results of the investigation in
A
a research plan
B
a data table
C
an equation
D
an energy pyramid
*select an answer for all questions
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