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Unit 13: Chapter 13
Test Description: Chapter 13 review for Exam 3
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Variability refers to the
A
amount of fluctuation we see in a distribution of scores.
B
effect of the independent variable.
C
statistical significance of research findings.
D
typical score in a distribution.
2) H0 represents the
A
alternative hypothesis.
B
research hypothesis.
C
hypothesis an experimenter indirectly tests.
D
null hypothesis.
3) If you reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true,
A
you should report a significant treatment effect.
B
you should revise your level of significance.
C
you have committed a Type 1 error.
D
you have committed a Type 2 error.
4) We commit a Type 2 error when we
A
fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
B
report that our findings are significant when they are not.
C
fail to reject the alternative hypothesis when it is false.
D
accept the null hypothesis when it is true.
5) The mean of a set of data is the
A
difference between the highest and lowest scores.
B
arithmetic average.
C
most frequent score in a distribution.
D
middle score in a distribution.
6) The variance is the
A
sum of the deviations about the mean.
B
average of the squared deviations about the mean.
C
the square root of the average of the squared deviations about the mean.
D
difference between the highest and lowest scores.
7) The ____ tells us whether scores are spread out a great deal or tightly clustered around the mean.
A
range
B
mode
C
variance
D
median
8) The ____ divides a distribution of scores in half.
A
mode
B
range
C
median
D
mean
9) Beta is a ____.
A
Type II Error
B
Type III Error
C
Type VI Error
D
Type I Error
10) If an experimenter finds that the difference between two treatment groups is significant at the .05 level, then
A
we would expect chance to produce a result this large less than 5 in 100 times.
B
we should accept the null hypothesis.
C
the odds of obtaining this difference by chance are 95 in 100 times.
D
the probability of this treatment effect is 5%.
11) Variability can be produced by experimental errors, which are fluctuations in subjects’ scores produced by
A
experimenter bias.
B
extraneous variables in the experimental procedure.
C
all of these
D
influences on subjects not related to the independent variable.
12) We should select a significance level ____ in order to conduct a valid test of our hypothesis.
A
before conducting the experiment
B
after we have performed all statistical tests
C
after we have collected all experimental data
D
based on our test statistic
13) When we set our significance level at .01, this corresponds to the notation,
A
p .01.
B
p .01.
C
p = .01.
D
p .01.
14) Calvin has set his alpha level at .05. He will reject the null hypothesis if he observes a difference between treatment conditions that is so large that it could have occurred by chance
A
at least 5 in 100 times.
B
5 in 100 times.
C
less than 5 in 100 times.
D
more than 5 in 100 times.
15) Mercedes will reject the null hypothesis if she observes a difference between treatment conditions that is so large that it could have occurred by chance less than 1 in 100 times. The .01 value is Mercede’s
A
significance level.
B
effect size.
C
statistical power.
D
risk of committing a Type 2 error.
16) Which criterion does an experimenter use to decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis?
A
beta
B
significance level
C
effect size
D
power
17) Many statistical tests assume that the population you have sampled is normally distributed. This means that if you could measure everyone in the population on the dependent variable,
A
the distribution of scores would be symmetrical and bell-shaped.
B
the left end of the distribution would have the longest tail.
C
the right end of the distribution would have the longest tail.
D
the bulk of the scores would fall above the mean.
18) Where do most scores fall along a normal curve?
A
near the center
B
at the left end of the distribution
C
at the end with the longest tail
D
at the right end of the distribution
19) Which of these illustrates a directional hypothesis?
A
Cognitive Behavior Therapy is more effective in treating agoraphobia than psychoanalytic therapy.
B
Greek and independent student GPAs vary.
C
Students who study together earn different test scores than students who study alone.
D
Men and women differ in manual dexterity.
20) We are more likely to reject the null hypothesis when
A
the sample has more variability than the population.
B
the experimental manipulation did not affect the dependent variable.
C
the test statistic is very small.
D
the amount of variability in the population we sampled is low.
*select an answer for all questions
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