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Evolution Through Natural Selection
Test Description: Evolution, natural selection
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) A species is a group of similar organisms that
A
can live together on an island.
B
can migrate to an island from the mainland.
C
all have exactly the same traits.
D
can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.
2) What did Darwin infer from his observations of organisms in South America and the Galápagos Islands?
A
A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the Galápagos Islands from the mainland.
B
A small number of different plant and animal species had come to the mainland from the Galápagos Islands.
C
The organisms on the Galápagos Islands were completely unrelated to mainland organisms.
D
The organisms on the Galápagos Islands were virtually identical to mainland organisms.
3) Differences between members of the same species are called
A
traits.
B
selections.
C
predators.
D
variations.
4) Which of these is one of the main ways that a new species forms?
A
Hybrid animals reproduce to create dihybrid animals
B
Mutations occur in the alleles of members of the species.
C
Competition occurs between members of the species.
D
A group is separated from the rest of the species.
5) What are fossils?
A
the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past
B
footprints or burrows of small animals that live today
C
molds and casts of organisms that live today
D
drawings of ancient animals and other organisms
6) Which term refers to similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor?
A
homologous structures
B
developmental organisms
C
punctuated equilibria
D
DNA sequences
7) If two organisms look very similar during their early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms
A
evolved from different ancestors.
B
have exactly the same DNA.
C
evolved from a common ancestor.
D
are not related.
8) A branching tree, or cladogram, is
A
a species of tree that is not closely related to other tree species.
B
a drawing that shows where different animals live in a tree.
C
a homologous structure that many plants have.
D
a diagram showing how scientists think different groups of organisms are related.
9) Scientists combine evidence from fossils, body structures, early development, DNA, and protein structures to
A
determine the evolutionary relationships among species.
B
determine whether an organism will have gills during its early development.
C
decide which fossils are older than others.
D
determine what bones an animal has in its forelimbs.
10) What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
A
Their feathers were adapted to match their environment.
B
Their beaks were adaptations related to the foods the finches ate.
C
They had identical genotypes in all locations.
D
They had identical phenotypes in all locations.
11) A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is called a(an)
A
mutation.
B
variation.
C
evolution.
D
migration.
12) The gradual change in a species over time is called
A
mutation.
B
selection.
C
variation.
D
adaptation.
13) Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?
A
competition
B
variation
C
natural selection
D
overproduction
14) Which term refers to a species creating more offspring than can possibly survive?
A
natural selection
B
overproduction
C
variation
D
evolution
15) What evidence suggests that the ancestors of whales once walked on land?
A
Whales have similar DNA to elephants.
B
Whales breathe through lungs.
C
Scientists have found fossils of whalelike creatures that had legs.
D
Whales perform walking motions as they swim.
16) Darwin concluded that organisms on the Galápagos Islands
A
had no variations.
B
had remained the same.
C
were the result of selective breeding.
D
had changed over time.
17) Which of the following BEST describes the effect that natural selection might have on a species over time?
A
Short-necked giraffes modified their diets to evolve into a new species.
B
More short-necked giraffes survived to pass on their genes.
C
Short-necked giraffes grew longer necks to reach higher leaves.
D
More long-necked giraffes survived to pass on their genes.
18) Which of the following most likely supports how giraffes evolved long necks?
A
Bigger members of a species always have an advantage over smaller members. Therefore, over time, a species will eventually in
B
Predator species will always increase due to natural selection, while prey species will always die out.
C
Members of a species with traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in an environment will increase in population, whil
D
The fur color of a species will always change over time, because of natural selection.
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