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Modernization, Tradition, And The Middle East
Test Description: Middle East Review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) What is a long-term effect of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979?
A
Tensions along the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan were reduced.
B
The influence of militant Islamic groups increased in the region.
C
Hostilities between China and India lessened.
D
Communism was strengthened in South Asia.
2) One way in which Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini and Afghanistan’s Taliban were similar is that they each
A
joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
B
established an Islamic state
C
sponsored a United Nations Conference on Women’s Rights
D
incorporated communist doctrine into their government
3) Which leader is responsible for westernizing Turkey and creating a secular government?
A
Ayatollah Khomeini
B
Saddam Hussein
C
Anwar Sadat
D
Kemal Atatürk
4) In Iran, both the Revolution of 1979 and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism have caused
A
the introduction of a communist form of government
B
an increase in women’s rights
C
foreign control of natural resources to expand
D
tension between traditionalism and modernization to continue
5) The Boxer Rebellion, the Salt March, and the Iranian Revolution were reactions against
A
Western influence
B
economic depression
C
rapid industrialization
D
Mongol rule
6) In the 1970s, when Iran was ruled by the Shah, the Ayatollah Khomeini’s major criticism was of the
A
lack of political and social rights for women
B
Shah’s friendship with the Soviet Union
C
non-Islamic influences on the culture and economy
D
return to traditional Islamic law
7) One similarity in the actions of Benito Mussolini and Saddam Hussein is that both
A
denied individual rights
B
expanded the power of labor unions
C
established a democratic form of government
D
sought a classless society
8) The Armenian Massacre and Saddam Hussein’s attacks against the Kurds are examples of
A
enslavement
B
forced collectivization
C
human rights violations
D
apartheid
9) Most of the world’s known oil reserves are located near which geographic area?
A
Ural Mountains
B
North Sea
C
Persian Gulf
D
Gulf of Mexico
10) The Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal are strategically important because they are
A
at the center of the world's major illegal drug trade
B
the cause of friction between Israel and its Arab neighbors
C
trade routes for petroleum exports to nations around the world
D
under the control of Communist nations
11) The desire of the Kurds and of the Palestinians for independent states is based on the principle of
A
nationalism
B
free trade
C
modernization
D
collective security
12) The rule of Kemal Atatürk and the rule of Shah Reza Pahlavi are similar because both leaders
A
promoted westernization and modernization
B
established communist policies
C
banned foreign investors
D
increased the power of the clergy
13) Which reform was included in Atatürk’s efforts to modernize Turkey?
A
granting women the right to vote
B
requiring men to wear a fez
C
reintroducing strict Islamic law
D
adopting Arabic script
14) One way in which Atatürk of Turkey and Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam are similar is that they both
A
led their countries during the Cold War
B
kept their countries out of the United Nations
C
led nationalist movements in their countries
D
formed communist governments
15) In the 1920s and 1930s, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk changed the Turkish government by
A
introducing democratic reforms
B
increasing the power of the sultan
C
supporting absolutism
D
incorporating religious teachings into civil law
16) Kemal Atatürk’s efforts to modernize Turkish culture were most strongly opposed by
A
Indian nationalists
B
religious forces
C
republicans
D
industrialists
17) Which statement concerning the Islamic world is most accurate?
A
Religious unity had led to political unity among Islamic nations.
B
The only Islamic nations of the world are found in the Middle East.
C
All Islamic nations are totally committed to the destruction of Israel.
D
Significant religious and political differences exist among Islamic sects.
18) Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum to Serbia in 1914 and the United States military actions in Afghanistan beginning in 2001 are both reactions to acts of
A
imperialism
B
isolationism
C
terrorism
D
communism
19) A goal of modern-day religious fundamentalism is to
A
maintain traditional religious values in society
B
encourage the practice of other religions
C
combine the religious teachings of Islam and Christianity
D
adopt secular attitudes instead of religious beliefs
20) In 1978, which action did Egyptian President Anwar Sadat take that resulted in serious conflict with other Arab leaders?
A
expelling American military advisors from Egypt
B
supporting Arab forces during the Six-Day War
C
importing weapons from Western nations
D
signing a formal peace treaty with Israel
*select an answer for all questions
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