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CJA 310 Final Review 1
Test Description: CJA 310 Final Review 1
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) According to Cloward and Ohlin, when youths fail in both the criminal and conflict subcultures, they move toward which of these subcultures? [p. 97]
A
middle-class
B
ritualistic
C
retreatist
D
legitimate
2) Sykes and Matza argued with Cohen’s idea of separate lower class values. Instead they argued, you only need: [p. 102–103]
A
near groups
B
neutralization
C
measuring rods
D
focal concerns
3) Miller claimed that the lower class: [pp. 98–100]
A
served as a scapegoat for the upper classes
B
exhibited values that were created in opposition to middle-class values
C
engaged in non-utilitarian behaviors
D
was a separate culture with distinct lifestyles and values
4) The idea that groups of delinquents under the supervision of an adult counselor can assist each other to become more law abiding is known as: [p. 104]
A
reaction formation
B
Project Head Start
C
guided group interaction
D
The middle class measuring rod
5) According to Becker, the four types of deviant behavior are: [p. 113]
A
pure deviant, ritualistic deviant, conforming, and secret deviant
B
falsely accused, pure deviant, conforming, and rebellious
C
pure deviant, conforming, secret deviant, and ritualistic deviant
D
falsely accused, pure deviant, conforming, and secret deviant
6) When past events and behavior are reinterpreted to fit a new identity, this is referred to as: [p. 117]
A
retrospective interpretation
B
false persona
C
master status
D
labeling
7) Labeling theory, as opposed to most other criminological theories, asks: [p. 111]
A
why do men obey the rules of society?
B
what caused the behavior?
C
how did this particular act, and not another, take place?
D
why was the person designated as deviant?
8) According to conflict theorists in general: [pp. 127, 139–140]
A
law is a morally correct instrument, it is the way in which it is applied that matters most
B
law is value-free
C
none of these
D
law is a social creation that reflects the distribution of power in society
9) Conflict theories have the following in common: [pp. 127, 139–140]
A
they predict high rates of broken homes
B
conflict theories have nothing in common
C
they assume that there is little agreement in society
D
they all suggest that the various theories are in conflict
10) According to the textbook, another way to look at social control theory is to call it: [p. 148]
A
differential motivation theory
B
post-modernism
C
neo-conflict theory
D
socialization theory
*select an answer for all questions
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