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a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating

techniques in which scientists can now copy genes form a species with some desirable trait and insert these genes into other species

when humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind

traits that improve an individual's fitness

when a subset of individuals from a larger population may colonize a new area of habitat that is physically separated from that of the rest of the population

are physical locations on chromosomes within each cell of an organism; determines the range of possible traits that it can pass down to its offspring

an individual's ability to survive and reproduce

the remains of organisms that have been preserved in rock