traits that improve an individual's fitness
a process of speciation that requires geographic isolation
when humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind
a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size
the measure of the variety of ecosystems within a region
a change in the genetic composition of a population over time
an individual's ability to survive and reproduce
the remains of organisms that have been preserved in rock
a change in a population descended from a small number of colonizing individuals
the suite of ideal conditions
are physical locations on chromosomes within each cell of an organism; determines the range of possible traits that it can pass down to its offspring
organisms that have had their genetic makeup modified by genetic engineering
the measure of the variety of genes within a species
a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating
techniques in which scientists can now copy genes form a species with some desirable trait and insert these genes into other species
the complete set of genes in an individual
when a subset of individuals from a larger population may colonize a new area of habitat that is physically separated from that of the rest of the population
the process in which genetic changes give rise to a new species, genera, family, class, or phyla
events in which large number of species when extinct over relatively short periods of time
the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce
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