The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring, leading to changes in the population over time.
A trait that has evolved through natural selection, increasing an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its environment.
Groups of individuals of the same species living in a specific area, capable of interbreeding.
Living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and bacteria, which can influence the survival of species.
Non-living environmental factors, like temperature, light, and soil composition, that affect the survival and distribution of organisms.
Communities of living organisms interacting with their physical environment, forming a system with biotic and abiotic components.
The variation in temperature that occurs at different times of the year, which can influence species' survival and reproduction.
Persistent changes in weather patterns over long periods, affecting ecosystems and the organisms within them.
A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, affecting the pH level, which can influence organisms' survival in different environments.
An abiotic factor that provides energy for photosynthesis in plants and influences various biological processes in organisms.
Physical obstacles like mountains or rivers that prevent populations from interbreeding, leading to species divergence.
The process by which different kinds of living organisms develop and diversify from earlier forms over time.
The proportion of a particular gene variant (allele) in a population, which can change due to natural selection and lead to adaptation over time.
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