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Test Description: Review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) What 3 immune cells stimulate synoviocytes
A
VEGF, E-selectins, T helper cells
B
Cytokines, B cells, Eosinophils
C
Calcium, Macrophages, Histamine
D
Cytokines, T helper cells, Neutrophils
2) What does the enzyme protease do?
A
Break down proteins
B
Break down bone
C
Break down pathogens
D
Break down fats
3) Which of the following would activate macrophages?
A
Maintaining a normal weight
B
Having pes valgus (eversion of the foot)
C
Exercising regularly
D
Eating fruits and vegetables
4) What is the function of the chemical VEGF?
A
Fight infection
B
Bring more immune cells to the injury site
C
Produce synovial fluid
D
Form new blood vessels
5) What is the meaning of subchondral sclerosis?
A
Secrete collagen
B
Decreases calcium deposits
C
Builds new spongy bone
D
The bone thickens and hardens
6) What is not one of the factors that cause cartilage to thin as we age?
A
Trauma
B
accumulation of calcium
C
Decrease hydration
D
Brittle bones
7) The chemical capsaicin, functions to do what?
A
Releases E-selectins in the blood vessels
B
Reduces substance P
C
Rebuilds nerve tissue
D
Forms bone spurs
8) Which of the following is one of the functions of macrophages?
A
Increase calcium uptake into bone
B
Causes cell death
C
Rebuilds proteins
D
Releases cytokines
9) What is osteoarthritis
A
The muscle becoming rigid and stiff
B
Inflammation of the bone
C
The degeneration of the articular cartilage found in synovial joints
D
The atrophy of muscle
10) What are synoviocytes responsible for doing?
A
Producing osteoblasts
B
Producing more swelling
C
Producing cytokines
D
Producing synovial fluid
11) Which part of a joint does osteoarthritis usually affect?
A
Bone
B
Tendon
C
All of the above
D
Cartilage
12) Which of these medicines is used to treat osteoarthritis?
A
All of the above
B
Corticosteroid injections
C
Acetaminophen
D
Aspirin
13) When a person gets osteoarthritis of the hip, where else might the pain show up?
A
Arm
B
Shoulders
C
Groin
D
Feet
14) What are symptoms of osteoarthritis?
A
Joint swelling
B
Joint pain
C
All of the above
D
Joint stiffness
15) Osteophytes develop due to what?
A
Growth hormone secretion
B
Abnormal bone deposits from osteoblasts
C
The increase and proliferation of osteocytes
D
Increase bone calcium accumulation
16) In this fracture one side of the bone is cracked while the other side is bent. What type of fracture is this?
A
Spiral fracture
B
Green stick fracture
C
Compound fracture
D
Transverse fracture
17) Define non-union?
A
the healing process is slower than normal.
B
the fracture healed in unacceptable position.
C
None of them
D
the healing stopped before union occurred
18) Impacted fracture is define as what?
A
diagonal crack across the long axis of the bone
B
broken bone is pressed inward (skull fracture)
C
crack perpendicular to long axis of the bone
D
one end of bone is driven up into the other
19) A fragment of bone that is pulled away by tendon.
A
Comminuted
B
Avulsion
C
Simple
D
Compound
20) One end of the fractured bone is force-fully driven in to the interior of the other.
A
Impacted fracture
B
Colles' fracture
C
Greenstick
D
Open fracture
*select an answer for all questions
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