Scientists are able to make observations and inferences about what is below the crust of Earth by using scientific evidence. Which of these are examples of evidence that scientists use to discover what the layers of Earth’s crust are like?

In Journey to the Center of the Earth an adventurer travels through the layers of Earth until he reaches the center. In what order would the adventurer have traveled to reach the center? Number the layers listed below in the correct order.

How do temperature and pressure change as you travel through the layers beneath the surface of Earth?

Volcanoes extend so deep below Earth’s surface that they reach down to the next layer. Which is the second layer of Earth?

Benny uses a compass to navigate his way through the woods when he is camping. The needle on the compass reacts to Earth’s magnetic field by always pointing north. Which part of Earth is responsible for creating its magnetic field?

A geologist is comparing the properties of different minerals. He rubs each one on a piece of white tile and observes the color of the powder that is left behind. What type of test did he perform?

Any mineral can scratch any mineral _______________ than itself, and it can be scratched by any mineral that is _______________.

What determines crystal size in minerals formed by lava or magma?

What causes the differences in the way diamonds form compared to graphite?

Suppose an object Marcie found while hiking is a rock formed by volcanic processes. What type of rock would it be?

Marcie believes that she has found a piece of obsidian. What causes obsidian to form?

A rock formed from cooled magma or lava.

A rock formed from small particles of rocks or other materials cemented together.

A rock formed when rock is changed from heat or pressure deep below Earth’s surface.

Metamorphic rock is a type of rock that has gone through a change that has turned it into a different type of rock. Which processes can cause rocks to change to metamorphic rock?

Kat is creating a model to show how plate movements are linked to the formation of new rocks, and she is trying to place the steps in the correct order. Which step comes last?

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