The wet deposition only of acidifying substances from the atmosphere.

An increasing concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in soil or water.

Refers to an environment in which oxygen (O2) is readily available.

Refers to an environment in which oxygen (O2) is not readily available.

Flowering plants that have their ovules enclosed within a specialized membrane and their seeds within a seedcoat.

The cultivation of fish and other aquatic species.

Groundwater resources in some defined area.

An organism that synthesizes its biochemical constituents using simple inorganic compounds and an external source of energy to drive the process.

The richness of biological variation, including genetic variability as well as species and community richness.

The chemical potential energy of plant biomass, which can be combusted to provide thermal energy.

A geographically extensive ecosystem, occurring throughout the world wherever environmental conditions are suitable.

Microorganisms that harness some of the potential energy of certain inorganic chemicals (e.g., sulphides) to drive their fixation of energy through chemosynthesis.

Autotrophic productivity that utilizes energy released during the oxidation of certain inorganic chemicals (such as sulphides) to drive biosynthesis.

The prevailing, long-term, meteorological conditions of a place or region, including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and other factors.

A model of the trophic structure of an ecosystem, organized with plant productivity on the bottom, that of herbivores above, and carnivores above the herbivores.

The study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.

A general term used to describe one or more communities that are interacting with their environment as a defined unit. Ecosystems range from small units occurring in microhabitats, to larger units such as landscapes and seascapes, even the biosphere.

A complex model of feeding relationships, describing the connections among all food chains within an ecosystem.

The place or “home” where a plant or animal lives, including the specific environmental factors required for its survival.

An organism that utilizes living or dead biomass as food.

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