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Genetics 2: Biotechnology
Test Description: Use your knowledge of Living Environment to answer all questions in the data set. You may need a calculator to answer some of the questions. Good Luck.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Scientists have genetically altered a common virus so that it can destroy the most lethal type of brain tumor without harming the healthy tissue nearby. This technology is used for all of the following except
A
diagnosing the disease
B
treating the disease
C
controlling the disease
D
curing the disease
Helpful Hint
The headline Improved Soybeans Produce Healthier Vegetable Oils accompanies an article describing how a biotechnology company controls the types of lipids (fats) present in soybeans.
2) The improved soybeans are most likely being developed by the process of
A
asexual reproduction
B
natural selection
C
genetic engineering
D
habitat modification
Helpful Hint
The diagram below represents a common laboratory technique in molecular genetics.
3) One common use of this technology is the
A
introduction of a toxic substance to kill bacterial cells
B
change of single-celled organisms to multicellular organisms
C
production of hormones or enzymes to replace missing human body chemicals
D
production of a human embryo to aid women who are unable to have children
4) What process is illustrated in the diagram below?
A
meiosis
B
chromatography
C
genetic engineering
D
direct harvesting
Helpful Hint
The flounder is a species of fish that can live in very cold water. The fish produces an antifreeze protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The DNA for this protein has been identified. An enzyme is used to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA that is then spliced into the DNA of a strawberry plant. As a result, the plant can now produce a protein that makes it more resistant to the damaging effects of frost.
5) This process is known as
A
genetic engineering
B
mutation by deletion of genetic material
C
sorting of genes
D
recombination of chromosomes
6) The DNA of a human cell can be cut and rearranged by using
A
electrophoresis
B
enzymes
C
hormones
D
a scalpel
Helpful Hint
A product of genetic engineering technology is represented below.
7) Which substance was needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA as shown?
A
a specific carbohydrate
B
antibodies
C
hormones
D
a specific enzyme
8) Researchers Cohn and Boyer transferred a gene from an African clawed frog into a bacterium. To accomplish this, these scientists had to use
A
hereditary information located in amino acids
B
cancer cells to promote rapid cell division
C
enzymes to cut out and insert the gene
D
radiation to increase the gene mutation rate of the bacterial cells
9) A biotechnology firm has produced tobacco plants that synthesize human antibodies that prevent bacterial diseases. One of the first steps in the production of these plants required
A
inserting human DNA segments into the cells of tobacco plants
B
using selective breeding to increase the number of antibody genes in tobacco plants
C
using natural selection to increase the survival of antibody-producing tobacco plants
D
growing tobacco plants in soil containing a specific fertilizer
Helpful Hint
The diagram below represents a genetic procedure.
10) Which statement best describes the outcome of this procedure?
A
The inserted human DNA may direct the synthesis of human proteins.
B
Bacterial cells will destroy defective human genetic material.
C
Bacterial cells may form a multicellular embryo.
D
The inserted human DNA will change harmful bacteria to harmless ones.
11) A gene that codes for resistance to glyphosate, a biodegradable weedkiller, has been inserted into certain plants. As a result, these plants will be more likely to
A
survive when glyphosate is applied to them
B
die when exposed to glyphosate
C
produce chemicals that kill weeds growing near them
D
convert glyphosate into fertilizer
Helpful Hint
Steps in a reproductive process used to produce a sheep with certain traits are listed. STEP 1 - The nucleus was removed from an unfertilized egg taken from sheep A.; STEP 2 - The nucleus of a body cell taken from sheep B was then inserted into this unfertilized egg from sheep A.; STEP 3 - The resulting cell was then implanted into the uterus of sheep C.; STEP 4 - Sheep C gave birth to sheep D.
12) Which sheep would be most genetically similar to sheep D?
A
both sheep A and B
B
sheep B, only
C
sheep A, only
D
both sheep A and C
13) Which statement best describes a population of organisms if cloning is the only method used to reproduce this population?
A
The population would be more likely to adapt to a changing environment.
B
The population would evolve rapidly.
C
There would be little chance for variation within the population.
D
The mutation rate in the population would be rapid.
14) Which statement provides accurate information about the technique illustrated below?
A
This technique is used by farmers to eliminate mutations in future members of the species.
B
Since the development of cloning, this technique is no longer used in agriculture.
C
New varieties of organisms can be developed by this technique known as selective breeding.
D
This technique results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parents.
Helpful Hint
In order to produce the first white marigold flower, growers began with the lightest yellow flowered marigold plants. After crossing them, these plants produced seeds, which were planted, and only the offspring with very light yellow flowers were used to produce the next generation. Repeating this process over many years, growers finally produced a marigold flower that is considered the first white variety of its species.
15) This procedure is known as
A
gene insertion
B
cloning
C
selective breeding
D
differentiation
Helpful Hint
One variety of strawberry is resistant to a damaging fungus, but produces small fruit. Another strawberry variety produces large fruit, but is not resistant to the same fungus.
16) The two desirable qualities may be combined in a new variety of strawberry plant by
A
asexual reproduction
B
selective breeding
C
direct harvesting
D
cloning
Helpful Hint
For centuries, certain animals have been crossed to produce offspring that have desirable qualities. Dogs have been mated to produce Labradors, beagles, and poodles. All of these dogs look and behave very differently from one another.
17) This technique of producing organisms with specific qualities is known as
A
selective breeding
B
gene replication
C
random mutation
D
natural selection
Helpful Hint
In 1993, there were only 30 panthers in Florida. They were all closely related and many had reproductive problems. To avoid extinction and restore health to the population, biologists introduced 8 female panthers from Texas. Today, there are more than 80 panthers in Florida and most individuals have healthy reproductive systems.
18) The success of this program was most likely due to the fact that the introduced females
A
produced more reproductive cells than the male panthers in Texas
B
solved the reproductive problems of the species by asexual methods
C
mated only with panthers from Texas
D
increased the genetic variability of the panther population in Florida
19) Some farmers currently grow genetically engineered crops. An argument against the use of this technology is that
A
it increases crop production
B
it always results in crops that do not taste good
C
its long-term effects on humans are still being investigated
D
it produces insect-resistant plants
20) In the United States, there has been relatively little experimentation involving the insertion of genes from other species into human DNA. One reason for the lack of these experiments is that
A
2
B
4
C
1
D
3
*select an answer for all questions
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