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Unit 1: Chapter 1
Test Description: Models of explanation in science and psychology including ways of knowing, goals of science, and characteristics of science
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Jordan has joined Heaven's Gate Cult. She believes the world will end on April 1st even though the scientific data says otherwise. Jordan's fixation of belief is via the ____.
A
Tenacity Method
B
Authority Method
C
A Priori Method
D
Scientific Method
2) Mark decides to bring an umbrella after watching the weather report. Mark's fixation of belief is via the ____.
A
Authority Method
B
Scientific method
C
Tenacity Method
D
A Priori Method
3) “Occam’s razor” is another name for _____
A
good thinking.
B
reactivity.
C
the principle of parsimony.
D
the scientific mentality.
4) “Truth” in science is provisional since old information is constantly challenged and reevaluated. Which characteristic of science best reflects this perspective?
A
the principle of parsimony
B
self-correction
C
good thinking
D
the scientific mentality
5) Einstein predicted that gravity could bend light to create the appearance of two stars when there was only one. Since he made his prediction before researchers possessed the technology to observe this phenomenon, this prediction was not _____ at the
A
parsimonious
B
accurate
C
testable
D
objective
6) _____ is a systematic and unbiased account of the observed characteristics of behaviors.
A
Description
B
Control
C
Explanation
D
Prediction
7) Researchers should use _____ to counteract the influence of theories on their selection of questions for study.
A
self-correction
B
commonsense psychology
C
good thinking
D
replication
8) In the phenomenon of _____, the more data we have, the more certain we are of our predictions.
A
stereotyping
B
confirmatory bias
C
overconfidence bias
D
the gambler’s fallacy
9) Who described the role of the “weight of evidence” in revising scientific explanations?
A
Aristotle
B
David Hume
C
Alfred North Whitehead
D
Sir Carl Popper
10) _____ explain and predict behavior across the widest range of situations.
A
Theories
B
Laws
C
Constructs
D
Hypotheses
*select an answer for all questions
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