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Earth Science Fall Review (part 1)
Test Description: Semester review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) The area of Earth science that examines the physical and biological changes that have occurred in Earth's past is called...
A
historical geology
B
oceanography
C
physical geology
D
meteorology
2) Which of Earth's spheres includes the oceans, groundwater, lakes,and glaciers?
A
biosphere
B
geosphere
C
atmosphere
D
hydrosphere
3) The crust and uppermost mantle make up the rigid outer layer of Earth called the ....
A
geosphere
B
lower mantle
C
lithosphere
D
asthenosphere
4) The theory of plate tectonics helps scientists explain...
A
how ocean currents move over Earth's surface
B
why Earth's core is less dense than the mantle
C
how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur
D
why hurricanes occur
5) The mass number of an atom is obtained by totaling the number of...
A
electrons and protons
B
neutrons and isotopes
C
electrons and neutons
D
protons and neutrons
6) What is the smallest particle of a covalent compound that show the properties of that compound?
A
an ion
B
an atom
C
a molecule
D
an element
7) Minerals with the silicon-oxygen structure, shown in Figure 2-1, are classified into what group?
A
carbonates
B
silicates
C
oxides
D
sulfates
8) All minerals in the sulfate and sulfide groups contain what element?
A
sulfur
B
carbon
C
silicon
D
oxygen
9) The most common mineral group in Earth's crust is the...
A
sulfides
B
oxides
C
silicates
D
carbonates
10) Which of the following properties is generally the least useful in identifying minerals?
A
streak
B
cleavage
C
hardness
D
color
11) The color of the powdered form of a mineral is called...
A
luster
B
fracture
C
streak
D
cleavage
12) The tendency of minerals to break along smooth flat surfaces is called...
A
fracture
B
streak
C
crystal form
D
cleavage
13) What determines whether a mineral will show cleavage or break in irregular fracture?
A
internal atomic structure
B
density
C
external shape
D
hardness
14) What is the density of a mineral?
A
a mineral's volume
B
the ratio of a mineral's height to its weight
C
the ratio of a mineral's mass to its volume
D
a mineral's mass
15) Which of the following is true about rocks?
A
coal is not considered a true rock
B
most rocks are a mixture of minerals
C
rocks are composed of only one mineral
D
rocks do not contain any nonmineral matter
16) What type of rock will occur as a result of compaction and cementation of sediments
A
metamorphic
B
sedimentary
C
lava
D
igneous
17) If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures deep within Earth, what type of rock will be formed? Assume that the granite does not melt.
A
an organic rock
B
an igneous rock
C
a sedimentary rock
D
a metamorphic rock
18) A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface is called an...
A
intrusive metamorphic rock
B
extrusive sedimentary rock
C
intrusive igneous rock
D
extrusive igneous rock
19) Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a ...
A
porphyritic texture
B
glassy texture
C
fine-grained texture
D
coarse-grained texture
20) What process is responsible for the formation of the rock gypsum?
A
recrystallization from high temperatures and high pressures
B
cooling of magma
C
weathering and erosion
D
precipitation from a water solution
*select an answer for all questions
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