Soon after General Ulysses S. Grant was elected president in 1868, Congress moved to protect African American voting rights by passing the

During Reconstruction and Republican rule in the South, recently enslaved people faced intense resentment from

Ulysses S. Grant won the presidency in 1868 primarily because of his

As president Ulysses S. Grant was left weak and ineffective by his belief that his role was to

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In the 1870s, Southern Democrats were able to win back the support of white owners of small farms who had supported Republicans by appealing to

Democrats won control of the House of Representatives and made gains in the Senate in the 1874 midterm elections, in part because of a deepening economic depression and

When Southern leaders called for the creation of a “New South,” they meant that the South needed to

President Abraham Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction focused on punishing former Confederate leaders for treason.

The abolition of slavery would entitle the South to more seats in the House of Representatives, which was a concern for Radical Republicans in Congress.

Many Radical Republicans in Congress had been abolitionists before the Civil War, and their goals for Reconstruction were rooted in this experience.

During Reconstruction, the federal government decided to take land from Southern planters and redistributed it to formerly enslaved persons.

President Johnson strongly opposed the Fourteenth Amendment, clashing with Radical Republicans in Congress.

In 1868 Congress led by Radical Republicans impeached President Johnson and removed him from office.

Freed African Americans who worked with the Republican Party in the South were known as scalawags.

Southerners who supported Reconstruction included business people who favored Republican plans for developing the South’s economy and small farmers who did not want the wealthy planters to regain power.

Graft was common in the North as well as in the South during Reconstruction, but it gave Democrats an issue to use against Republicans.

Fisk University, Atlanta University, and Morehouse College were part of the network of African American colleges and universities that grew out of academies begun in the South during Reconstruction.

Despite its industrial growth, the “New” South remained largely agrarian, with only a small percentage of the labor force working in manufacturing.

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