States that the oldest rocks lie on the bottom and the youngest rocks are on top of any undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks.

The process by which the age of a rock is determined by measuring the amount of radioactive isotopes present in the rock or rock sample.

Gaps in the rock record.

Any method of measuring the age of an event or object in years. The actual age for a rock or mineral.

Found in a narrow time range but widely distributed around the earth.

Uses information about rock layers and the fossil record to determine the age relationships between rocks.

Occurs when a large proportion of the earth’s species go extinct in a relatively short period of time.

An igneous rock layer formed when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.

A type of fossil that provides evidence of the activity of ancient organisms.

A fossil in which minerals replace all or part of an organism

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