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Earth Science
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Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Which factor has the greatest effect on a community’s stores of fresh water?
A
the location of the nearest mountain
B
the location of the nearest ocean
C
the average winter temperature
D
the average annual rainfall
2) Which type of water reservoir contains the largest volume of fresh water?
A
ice sheets
B
lakes
C
rivers
D
aquifers
3) Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?
A
the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes
B
the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean
C
the land formed as a result of a river flooding
D
the land drained by a river and its tributaries
4) Which two statements in the table are true about the changing salt concentrations of ocean water? 1 When Earth’s ice increases, ocean water gets saltier. 2 When Earth’s ice increases, ocean water gets less salty. 3 When ocean water evaporates, the w
A
1 and 3
B
1 and 4
C
2 and 3
D
2 and 4
5) Sammy collects some river water by dipping the jar into the water but not scooping the riverbed. What part of the river’s load will MOST likely settle to the bottom of his jar?
A
cobbles, pebbles, and silt
B
silt and clay
C
cobbles and clay
D
pebbles, silt, and clay
6) Why are many fishing boats found near ocean upwellings?
A
Many marine species gather there to eat the nutrients brought to the surface.
B
The water is less turbulent there.
C
There is less vegetation there.
D
Upwellings are found in more shallow waters, so boats do not need deep anchorage.
7) Which best describes the source of oxygen in ocean water?
A
Oxygen is produced by marine plants in the process of making food.
B
Oxygen is produced by nodules on the ocean floor.
C
Oxygen is produced through precipitation falling on the ocean.
D
Oxygen is produced through the exhalations of marine animals.
8) Which most likely causes the western coast of the United States to be so plentiful and diverse in sea life?
A
typhoons
B
offshore winds
C
upwelling
D
water runoff
9) Which best describes the shallow water ocean zone?
A
Hydrothermal vents provide heat and dissolved minerals needed by some organisms to survive.
B
Sunlight penetration increases algae growth and provides food for a variety of organisms.
C
Cooler water temperatures cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen needed by organisms.
D
The long water column protects small organisms from being eaten by large predators.
10) Which area of deep ocean research provides the most economic benefit?
A
new habitats
B
hydropower
C
sea-floor spreading
D
oil resources
11) Scientists have found strange new life-forms called “tubeworms” on the deep ocean bottom. Which most likely provides energy for the tubeworms?
A
photosynthesis
B
algae
C
small fish
D
hydrothermal vents
12) Which does an increase in eutrophication indicate to scientists studying a body of water?
A
an increase in the health of the body of water
B
a decrease in pollutants from farm runoff
C
an increase in fertilizer runoff
D
an increase in oxygen levels in the body of water
13) Which will occur if humans continue to overload water systems with excess nutrients?
A
nitrification
B
eutrophication
C
chemosynthesis
D
photosynthesis
14) If a body of water has high turbidity levels, what can most likely be concluded?
A
It is unsafe to drink.
B
It is too hot to drink.
C
It has a low pH.
D
It contains a lot of chemicals.
15) Which chemical elements in fertilizers pollute stormwater runoff and contribute to excessive plant growth in a water system?
A
calcium and magnesium
B
iron and lead
C
phosphorous and nitrogen
D
copper and zinc
16) Which will best show lakes, rivers, and streams are healthy?
A
large amounts of dissolved oxygen
B
large amounts of algae
C
large amounts of nitrates
D
large amounts of decomposers
17) Which best determines the health of a lake used as a source of freshwater?
A
its location and depth
B
its depth and width
C
its temperature and pH
D
its temperature and depth
18) Which factors can have the greatest effect on the health of a river system?
A
nitrate levels and turbidity
B
type of soil and salinity
C
natural disasters and tidal changes
D
human consumption and pH
19) In the United States, which is responsible for ensuring the safety of the country’s drinking water?
A
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
B
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
C
Center for Disease Control (CDC)
D
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
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