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Modern Genetics
Test Description: Advances in genetics
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?
A
XX
B
XY
C
YY
D
either XX or XY
2) Why are sex-linked traits more common in males than in females?
A
All alleles on the X chromosome are dominant.
B
All alleles on the Y chromosome are recessive.
C
Any allele on the Y chromosome will be codominant with the matching allele on the X chromosome.
D
A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male.
3) What is a pedigree?
A
a geneticist who studies the inheritance of traits in humans
B
an allele passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome
C
a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
D
a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell
4) How does a geneticist use pedigrees?
A
to trace the inheritance of traits in humans
B
to create genetic crosses
C
to replicate identical strings of DNA
D
to prove that sex-linked traits are caused by codominant alleles
5) Sex-linked genes are genes on
A
the X chromosome only.
B
the X and Y chromosomes.
C
the Y chromosome only.
D
all 23 pairs of chromosomes.
6) A carrier is a person who has
A
one recessive and one dominant allele for a trait.
B
more than two alleles for a trait.
C
two dominant alleles for a trait.
D
two recessive alleles for a trait.
7) What must occur for a girl to be colorblind?
A
Each parent must have the dominant allele for colorblindness.
B
Each parent must have the recessive allele for colorblindness.
C
Each parent must be colorblind.
D
Each parent must have two codominant alleles for colorblindness.
8) Genetic disorders are caused by
A
recessive alleles only.
B
dominant alleles only.
C
DNA mutations or changes in chromosomes.
D
pedigrees.
9) Which genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus in the lungs and intestines?
A
Down syndrome
B
hemophilia
C
sickle-cell disease
D
cystic fibrosis
10) What is a karyotype?
A
a sex-linked genetic disorder
B
fluid that surrounds a baby before it is born
C
a picture of a baby before it is born
D
a picture of the chromosomes in a cell
11) What genetic disorder results in abnormally shaped blood cells?
A
extra chromosome.
B
recessive allele on the X chromosome.
C
dominant allele.
D
codominant allele.
12) Hemophilia is caused by a(an)
A
sickle-shaped cells become stuck in blood vessels.
B
a person inherits a recessive allele.
C
chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis.
D
blood fails to clot properly.
13) Down syndrome most often occurs when
A
fluid builds up in the lungs
B
a chromosome is missing in a gene
C
DNA does not replicate
D
chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis
14) Cloning results in two organisms that are
A
both adult mammals.
B
produced from cuttings.
C
genetically similar.
D
genetically identical.
15) What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
A
growing a new plant from a cutting
B
creating human insulin to treat people with diabetes
C
analyzing karyotypes and pedigree charts
D
cross-breeding to create disease-resistant crops
16) Which of these is an example of the benefits of genetic engineering?
A
all the DNA in one cell of an organism
B
all the proteins a cell can make
C
all the DNA in every cell of all organisms
D
all the cells in an organism
17) All of the following statements are reasons for selective breeding except:
A
to identify the sequence of every gene in a human cell.
B
to clone every gene on a single chromosome in human DNA
C
to cure genetic diseases
D
to inbreed the best genes on every chromosome in human DNA
18) What is a genome?
A
To increase migration patterns
B
Farmers increase their profit by improving crops
C
To produce offspring with desirable characteristics
D
To improve the quality of food products
19) Meyer lemons, originating in China, are a cross between a true lemon tree and mandarin orange tree. The fruit is much sweeter than traditional lemons, which makes this variety a favorite of gardeners and chefs alike. This is an example of
A
genetic engineering
B
cloning
C
selective breeding
20) Which form of selective breeding crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles?
A
cloning
B
hybridization
C
inbreeding
D
fertilization
*select an answer for all questions
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