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Clues To Earth's Past Unit Review (Pt.2)
Test Description: Clues to Earth's Past Unit Review (Pt.2)
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) Another principle of relative-age dating is that sediments are deposited in large, flat sheets. The sheets, or layers, continue in all lateral directions until they thin out or until they meet a barrier, such as the Grand Canyon.
A
The Principle of Lateral Continuity
B
The Principle of Geological Gravitation
C
The Principle of Erosion Continuity
D
The Principle of Inclusion
2) A piece of an older rock that becomes part of a new rock is called a(n)_____________________________________.
A
inclusion
B
exclusion
C
fossil
D
dike
3) According to the_____________________________________________________, if one rock contains pieces of another rock, the rock containing the pieces is younger than the pieces.
A
The Principle of Inclusion
B
The Principle of Erosion Continuity
C
The Principle of Lateral Continuity
D
The Principle of Geological Gravitation
4) According to the________________________, if one geologic feature cuts across another feature, the feature that it cuts across is older.
A
The Principle of Erosion Continuity
B
The Principle of Cross-Cutting
C
The Principle of Lateral Continuity
D
The Principle of Inclusion
5) A(n) ________________________________is a surface where rock has eroded away, producing a break, or gap, in the rock record.
A
correlation
B
inclusion
C
unconformity
D
lateral continuity
6) In a(n)________________________________________, younger sedimentary layers are deposited on top of older, horizontal sedimentary layers that have been eroded.
A
angular unconformity
B
nonconformity
C
disconformity
D
inclusion
7) In a(n)_______________________________________, sedimentary layers are deposited on top of tilted or folded sedimentary layers that have been eroded.
A
disconformity
B
nonconformity
C
inclusion
D
angular unconformity
8) In a(n)________________________________________, younger sedimentary layers are deposited on older igneous or metamorphic rock layers that have been eroded.
A
inclusion
B
disconformity
C
angular unconformity
D
nonconformity
9) Matching rocks and fossils from separate locations is called ________________________________.
A
gravity
B
correlation
C
conformity
D
superposition
10) ___________________represent species that existed on Earth for a short length of time, were abundant, and inhabited many locations. These help geologists infer that the layers in which they are found are of similar age.
A
Conformities
B
Disconformities
C
Correlations
D
Index fossils
11) The ______________________________________________ is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time.
A
Geological Time Frame
B
Periodic Table
C
Geological Time Scale
D
None of These
12) ________________________are the longest units of geologic time. Geologic time is divided into four large segments : Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic. These units of measurement usually last around a billion years.
A
Eons
B
Eras
C
Epochs
D
Periods
13) The _________________________ is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed. It covers 541 million years to the present, and began with the Cambrian Period.
A
Phanerozoic
B
Hadean
C
Archaen
D
Proterozoic
14) Eons are subdivided into smaller units of time called ______________, which generally span around a hundred million years. These are separated by catastrophic extinction boundaries.
A
Periods
B
None of These
C
Epochs
D
Eras
15) Eras are subdivided into____________________________, tens to one hundred million years in duration. Examples from the Mesozoic Era are the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.
A
Epochs
B
Eons
C
None of These
D
Periods
16) Periods are subdivided into ____________________, tens of millions of years in duration. Currently, we are in the Holocene, which began about 10,000 years ago.
A
None of These
B
Eons
C
Epochs
D
Eras
17) A __________________________________________________is the extinction of many species on Earth within a short period of time.
A
species elimination
B
mass extinction
C
genocide
D
reclamation
18) ____________________________________states that species change over time as they adapt to their environments.
A
The Theory of Adaptation
B
The Theory of Speciation
C
The Theory of Evolution
D
None of These
19) ___________________________________ is the separation of a population of organisms from the rest of its species due to some physical barrier, such as a mountain range or an ocean. Separated populations of species may evolve in different ways.
A
Adaptational separation
B
None of These
C
Geographic isolation
D
Lateral continuity
20) This sudden appearance of new, complex life-forms around 542 million years ago, during the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, is often called the ____________________________________.
A
Cambrian Explosion
B
Mesozoic Explosion
C
Cenozoic Explosion
D
Pre-Cambrian Explosion
*select an answer for all questions
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