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Modernization, Tradition, And The Middle East
Test Description: Middle East Review
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) What is a long-term effect of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979?
A
Hostilities between China and India lessened.
B
Communism was strengthened in South Asia.
C
Tensions along the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan were reduced.
D
The influence of militant Islamic groups increased in the region.
2) One way in which Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini and Afghanistan’s Taliban were similar is that they each
A
joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
B
incorporated communist doctrine into their government
C
sponsored a United Nations Conference on Women’s Rights
D
established an Islamic state
3) Which leader is responsible for westernizing Turkey and creating a secular government?
A
Anwar Sadat
B
Kemal Atatürk
C
Ayatollah Khomeini
D
Saddam Hussein
4) In Iran, both the Revolution of 1979 and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism have caused
A
tension between traditionalism and modernization to continue
B
foreign control of natural resources to expand
C
an increase in women’s rights
D
the introduction of a communist form of government
5) The Boxer Rebellion, the Salt March, and the Iranian Revolution were reactions against
A
economic depression
B
Mongol rule
C
Western influence
D
rapid industrialization
6) In the 1970s, when Iran was ruled by the Shah, the Ayatollah Khomeini’s major criticism was of the
A
Shah’s friendship with the Soviet Union
B
non-Islamic influences on the culture and economy
C
lack of political and social rights for women
D
return to traditional Islamic law
7) One similarity in the actions of Benito Mussolini and Saddam Hussein is that both
A
established a democratic form of government
B
expanded the power of labor unions
C
denied individual rights
D
sought a classless society
8) The Armenian Massacre and Saddam Hussein’s attacks against the Kurds are examples of
A
apartheid
B
human rights violations
C
enslavement
D
forced collectivization
9) Most of the world’s known oil reserves are located near which geographic area?
A
Persian Gulf
B
North Sea
C
Ural Mountains
D
Gulf of Mexico
10) The Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal are strategically important because they are
A
at the center of the world's major illegal drug trade
B
trade routes for petroleum exports to nations around the world
C
the cause of friction between Israel and its Arab neighbors
D
under the control of Communist nations
11) The desire of the Kurds and of the Palestinians for independent states is based on the principle of
A
nationalism
B
collective security
C
free trade
D
modernization
12) The rule of Kemal Atatürk and the rule of Shah Reza Pahlavi are similar because both leaders
A
increased the power of the clergy
B
established communist policies
C
promoted westernization and modernization
D
banned foreign investors
13) Which reform was included in Atatürk’s efforts to modernize Turkey?
A
reintroducing strict Islamic law
B
adopting Arabic script
C
requiring men to wear a fez
D
granting women the right to vote
14) One way in which Atatürk of Turkey and Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam are similar is that they both
A
formed communist governments
B
kept their countries out of the United Nations
C
led their countries during the Cold War
D
led nationalist movements in their countries
15) In the 1920s and 1930s, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk changed the Turkish government by
A
introducing democratic reforms
B
incorporating religious teachings into civil law
C
increasing the power of the sultan
D
supporting absolutism
16) Kemal Atatürk’s efforts to modernize Turkish culture were most strongly opposed by
A
Indian nationalists
B
industrialists
C
republicans
D
religious forces
17) Which statement concerning the Islamic world is most accurate?
A
Significant religious and political differences exist among Islamic sects.
B
The only Islamic nations of the world are found in the Middle East.
C
Religious unity had led to political unity among Islamic nations.
D
All Islamic nations are totally committed to the destruction of Israel.
18) Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum to Serbia in 1914 and the United States military actions in Afghanistan beginning in 2001 are both reactions to acts of
A
isolationism
B
imperialism
C
terrorism
D
communism
19) A goal of modern-day religious fundamentalism is to
A
adopt secular attitudes instead of religious beliefs
B
encourage the practice of other religions
C
maintain traditional religious values in society
D
combine the religious teachings of Islam and Christianity
20) In 1978, which action did Egyptian President Anwar Sadat take that resulted in serious conflict with other Arab leaders?
A
importing weapons from Western nations
B
signing a formal peace treaty with Israel
C
expelling American military advisors from Egypt
D
supporting Arab forces during the Six-Day War
*select an answer for all questions
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