Producers convert CO2 into sugars. Sugars are converted back into CO2. Extraction of fossil fuels brings carbon to earth's surface where it is combusted. CO2 in atmosphere and CO2 dissolved in water are constantly exchange.

Process that unlocks the chemical energy stored in cells of organisms

Fungi and bacteria that complete the breakdown process by recycling the nutrients from dead tissues and wastes back into the ecosystem

Organisms that specialize in breaking down dead tissues and waste products

Proportion of consumed energy that can be passed form one trophic level

Sequence of consumption from producers to top level of consumers

Food chains that take into account of nature and show all connections between organisms

Total amount of solar energy that the producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time

Worth of a species as an instrument or tool that can be used to accomplish a goal. Provisions, Regulation services, support systems, resilience, and cultural services

Ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance are more diverse than those with high or low disturbance levels

Nitrate transported through the soil with water

Consume producers. Herbivore

Goods that humans can directly use

How much a disturbance can affect the flows of energy and matter

Eat primary consumers. Carnivores

Total Biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time

Successive levels of organisms consuming each other

Rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a sisturbance

Represent the distribution of biomass among trophic levels. Decrease by abut 10 percent each time

All of the land in a given landscape that drains into a particular stream, river, lake, or wetland

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