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Unit 03 Exam Review B- Skeletal And Cardiac Muscle
Test Description: Review of topics
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) smooth, controlled muscle contractions are due to
A
pairwise activation of antagonistic motor units
B
synchronous activation of motor units
C
synchronous deactivation of motor units
D
asynchronous activation of motor units
2) when a muscle cell generates tension but does not shorten, the 'contraction' is
A
isokinetic
B
isometric
C
isotonic
D
eccentric
3) a force- velocity curve shows a(n) ______ relationship between the force opposing the contraction and its velocity
A
absence of
B
paradoxical
C
inverse
D
direct
4) a reserve of high-energy phosphate is stored in muscle as
A
adenosine diphosphate
B
creatine kinase
C
phosphocreatine
D
glucose-6-phosphate
5) slow twitch muscle fibers have a ___ oxidative capacity and ___ glycogen content
A
high / low
B
low / high
C
high / high
D
low / low
6) muscle fatigue occurs when
A
pH inside the muscle fiber increases
B
the concentration of Potassium ions outside the cell increases
C
glycogen is depleted
D
muscle fibers cannot contract completely
7) ______ is a 'flapping' tremor caused by alternating activation of antagonistic reflex arcs
A
clonus
B
spastic paralysis
C
treppe
D
tetanus
8) _______ is the inhibition of an antagonistic muscle so the agonist can act unopposed
A
monosynaptic reflex
B
flaccid paralysis
C
reciprocal innervation
D
decussant extensor action
9) cardiac muscles are conductive because
A
the protein titin has elastic properties
B
intercalated discs contain numerous gap juncitons
C
they contain sodium leak channels
D
thick fibers are cross-linked by C proteins
10) in cardiac muscle, calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by
A
voltage gated calcium channels
B
ligand gated calcium channels
C
calcium gated calcium channels
D
mechanically linked calcium release channels
11) as smooth muscle lacks troponin, the activation of myosin-actin cross bridges is mediated by
A
titin
B
myoglobin
C
calmodulin
D
tropomyosin
12) the pathway from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart is
A
cardiac circulation
B
pluck circulation
C
systemic circulation
D
pulmonary circulation
13) the _______valve prevents blood from flowing back to the left atrium from the left ventricle.
A
bicuspid or mitral
B
tricuspid or vitral
C
aortic semilunar
D
pulmonary semilunar
14) the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles with each heartbeat is the
A
stroke volume
B
end diastolic volume
C
cardiac output
D
blood pressure
15) systole refers to ______, while diastole refers to _____
A
contraction, relaxation
B
relaxation, contraction
C
opening, closing
D
filling, emptying
16) on average the ejection fraction of the left ventricle is about 60% of the _______
A
end diastolic volume
B
total cardiac volume
C
pre contraction volume
D
ventriculo-aortic volume
17) opening more slow Calcium Ion channels in the autorhythmic cells of the SA node would
A
increase contractility
B
increase heart rate
C
decrease heart rate
D
decrease contractility
18) the cardiac pacemaker cells known as HCN cells open in response to ____ and allow passage of ___
A
depolarization, calcium ions
B
hyperpolarization, sodium ions
C
hyperpolarization, chloride ions
D
resting potential, Potassium ions
19) Myocardial cells exhibit a plateau phase instead of quickly repolarizing. This is due to
A
outward pumping of sodium through the fast Sodium/ Potassium pump
B
inward diffusion of potassium through special delayed closure channels
C
inward diffusion of calcium ions
D
inward diffusion of sodium ions
20) The production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces a recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart called a(n)
A
EMG
B
STRESS TEST
C
EKG / ECG
D
TRACE
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