According to the fossil record, five ________________ took place, which lowered the variety of species found on Earth today.

20,000 years ago, two populations of the black-tailed rats became separated from each other by the formation of a large canyon, thus preventing their interbreeding. The condition described is

Many plants have thorns on their stems or leaves. What is the MOST likely explanation for the evolution of thorns?

Some nonpoisonous snakes, like the king snake look a lot like a poisonous variety. In this case, the king snake looks like the deadly coral snake. The king snake is not attacked by predators and survives. This adaptation is called

Two major divisions of land animals moved ashore, first the arthropods and then the tetrapod vertebrates. What fossil evidence BEST supports the classification of animals into these two basic branches, still recognized today?

Stingrays, catfish, and scorpion fish all have an adaptation that helps protect them against predators. This adaptation is

The study guide image shows four different finches Charles Darwin found while on the Galapagos Islands. Which of these would be most adapted to eating nuts and seeds?

Which of these would best describe what Darwin saw as the MAJOR difference(s) between these finches?

The discovery of the fossils of prehistoric whales that lived millions of years ago in Mississippi indicate that

The LaBrea tar pits in California contain grazing animals and grasses, sagebrush and trees. Fossils found in the La Brea tar pits indicate a California climate that was

Green algae is ancestors of land plants. The classification division separating algae from the kingdom Plantae began with fossil evidence. To be successful land plants require certain modifications. This early Devonian land had vascular tissue and

The tundra is cold year-round. it has short cool summers and long, severe winters. Which adaptations would you expect to see in plants growing in the tundra?

The early ancestors of the horse were adapted to life in tropical forests. Gradually the forests disappeared and were replaced with open grasslands. Because of the gradual change in habitat, modern horses

What adaptation would you expect to see in moles (which live underground)?

Some giraffes have long necks and some have shorter necks. The ones with longer necks can reach food sources like tall trees as well as eat grasses on the ground. How will this difference MOST LIKELY help the giraffe population?

Virginia was a sea during Cretaceous time. The sea level receded making a plateau. Under these conditions, we would expect to find more fossils of ____________ life forms in this location.

During the late carboniferous, Indiana was close to the equator and had many swamps and wetlands. Plant material accumulated in these areas of Indiana and eventually became the source of Indiana’s abundant

The tundra and taiga have unique characteristics which help distinguish them from each other. Which of these physical factors led to the differences found in these biomes?

Suppose that pollution caused snow in the arctic to quickly turn black, which happens sometimes in today’s urban areas. To adapt to this change over time, the arctic fox’s fur would

Apple farmers are currently having a very difficult time with pesticide-resistant insects. In reaction,researchers are developing newer and stronger chemicals to help control the bugs. Why are the apple farmers seeing these new, stronger bug?

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