Multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; the first stage of cellular respiration

Gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies oxidation

Series of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP

A coenzyme that can accept electrons during the redox reactions of cellular metabolism

Chemical cycle that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl CoA

Quantity of heat used to measure the energy content of food

Loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies reduction

Energy-coupling mechanism that uses the energy of hydrogen ion gradients across membranes to drive cellular work

Aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; involves glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

Production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration

Chemical reaction in which electrons are lost from one substance and added to another

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