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Quarterly 4-Gr 8 Review
Test Description: Fossils and the Emvironment
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) When paleontologists conduct investigations to answer questions about fossils, they need to _______________ before making a valid conclusion.
A
tell people about the data.
B
publish results from the investigation.
C
collect relevant evidence.
D
discuss the investigation with other scientists.
2) How does a high level of sediment in water reduce the quality for aquatic life?
A
decrease the temperature
B
decrease the salinity
C
decrease dissolved oxygen
D
increase the amount of carbon dioxide
3) Why are non-native plants a threat to native plants?
A
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.
B
Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.
C
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.
D
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.
4) What effect does excess nitrogen, a nutrient found in fertilizer that is carried by runoff into bodies of water, have on organisms in a pond or lake ecosystem?
A
Mutations occur gradually in fish.
B
Algae grow rapidly.
C
Frogs adapt quickly to new food sources.
D
Clam shells are slowly weakened.
5) Rabbits with light fur outnumber rabbits with dark fur because rabbits with light fur
A
have a better chance of surviving and reproducing.
B
have a more restricted diet.
C
produce more fur.
D
produce fewer offspring each year.
6) How would an increase in the number of caterpillars that eat the leaves off of trees affect an environment?
A
Air temperatures would decrease.
B
Tree populations would decrease.
C
The diversity of trees would increase.
D
The amount of oxygen in the air would increase.
7) A species lives in a particular environment. Which of the following statements best describes the environment that the species lives in and how the species will look over thousands of years? The environment will
A
stay the same and the traits of the species will stay the same.
B
stay the same and the traits of the species will change.
C
have changes, but the traits of the species will stay the same.
D
have changes that could lead to differences in the traits of the species.
8) Environmental scientists conduct investigations to learn about the environment. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?
A
avoid coming to a conclusion before analyzing the data
B
develop a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation
C
limit the amount of background research before the investigation
D
obtain other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation
9) Removing trees from a habitat changes the area for many species by
A
increasing the food supply.
B
increasing the oxygen levels.
C
decreasing the protective cover.
D
decreasing the temperature.
10) Using wind turbines instead of burning coal positively affects the environment by
A
increasing the amount of water available.
B
slowing down the water cycle.
C
distributing water more evenly.
D
keeping harmful chemicals out of the water cycle.
11) Which of the following best explains the presence of a sea-life fossil in the rock on top of a mountain?
A
The fossil once lived in mountains, but has since evolved into sea-life.
B
The fossil is a part of the sedimentary rock that was once buried in the ground and then uplifted.
C
The fossil was carried up the mountain by glaciers and over time became buried in the ground.
D
The fossil was left in the mountains from a volcanic eruption.
12) A fossil found in one rock layer is of the same species as a fossil found in a deeper rock layer. Why are the two fossils slightly different in structure?
A
this species changed over time.
B
this species’ life span has increased.
C
this species had many predators.
D
this species changed its food supply.
13) What is the result of rock layers being folded upwards?
A
oceans are created because of the change in the layers
B
mountains are formed by the layers being forced upward
C
fossils are created as the layers are disrupted
D
tectonic plates move apart forming valleys
14) **Sedimentary rock layers tell us everything about the history of the fossil record except
A
how life forms changed over time.
B
how organisms became extinct
C
what organisms were present at different times,
D
what types of rock/sediment were deposited earliest,
15) ***What is true about deep layers of sedimentary rock and how they may change over time?
A
they may destroy fossil evidence because of the way they form.
B
they may be reformed, and the layers may be forced up again to create new land forms.
C
they may never have any fossil evidence in the deepest layers.
D
they may contain the youngest fossils after many years.
16) ***The introduction of a non-native plant negatively affects an environment in every way except?
A
It is invasive meaning it takes over the resources that other plants need and eventually causes death of other organisms.
B
It destroys food webs by decreasing the number of plants. Herbivores would eventually die, then carnivores.
C
It competes with native plants by growing much quicker, and depleting resources that are needed by the native species.
D
It improves the biodiversity of an environment by increasing a variety of organisms living in a healthy ecosystem.
17) Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?
A
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.
B
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.
C
Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.
D
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.
18) What most likely happened to a species that is found in the fossil record but have no living members?
A
They never really existed.
B
They became extinct.
C
They had offspring of a different species.
D
They mutated to other species.
19) Over time, organisms evolve from a common ancestor. Which process best explains why they now have different characteristics?
A
Asexual respiration
B
Respiration
C
Extinction
D
Adaptation
20) What is the best evidence that the surface of Earth has changed over time?
A
Some rock layers are very thick.
B
Marine fossils are found in mountain areas.
C
Some species have become extinct.
D
Igneous rock is found on all tectonic plates.
*select an answer for all questions
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