The Greeks lived on a rocky, mountainous peninsula surrounded by water and smaller peninsulas.

People settled in the flat areas along the coast and in river valleys.

On the south of Greece was the Tigris Sea, to the west was the Nile Sea, and to the east was the Atlantic Sea.

Because mountains cover most of Greece, many small valleys and coastal plains provided flat areas for farming and villages.

Greeks lived in villages and towns separated by wars and diseases that made inland travel difficult.

Because of Greece’s rocky, mountainous geography, communities were isolated from each other and began to create their own farms and shelters.

Difficult inland travel caused the Greeks to become skilled mathemiticians and scientists in order to use the seas as a source of food and as a way of trading with other communities.

The first people to speak the Greek language, the Mycenaeans, built fortresses all over the Greek mainland.

After the Mycenaean civilization crumbled (Dark Age), the Greeks joined together in small groups for protection and stability.

Greece’s rocky, mountainous geography spurred the creation of many separate city-states (governments).

The two most important city-states were Sumer and Babylon

Sometimes city-states joined alliances such as the Delian League for protection

A is a polis is a city-state that governs the world .

Each polis had its own laws, government, and money, but shared the same language and religion

The upper part of the city-state was the acropolis (high hill), which housed the local hero.

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