• based on Scientific Revolution • use of reason • natural rights (like life liberty) • John Locke • consent of the governed (democracy)

• private ownership of businesses • government stays out of economics • supply and demand determines prices

attempts to remove foreign influence

Japan westernized, industrialized, modernized

• militarism • alliances • imperialism • nationalism

nationalist who westernized, modernized, democratized, secularized Turkey

• nationalist who led Indian independence movement • nonviolence • civil disobedience • boycotts

Stalin's attempts to increase Soviet industrial and agricultural output

Both defeated in Russia by climate (winter)

Western military alliance against Soviet Union during the Cold War

• Gorbachev's economic political reform of Soviet Union • led to breakup of Soviet Union

exchange of goods ideas between societies

• time when humans domesticated plants animals • people settled in fertile river valleys to farm • led to early civilizations in river valleys

• Chinese belief system based on filial piety • superior cares for inferior, inferior honors superior • led to social order and civil service exams in China

• started as eastern half of Roman Empire • Justinian Code: written laws • preserved Greek and Roman culture

• traveled across Asia to China • increased interest in China Asia • journals are important primary sources

• disease that killed many • spread from Asia to Europe through trade • caused labor shortages

• rebirth of Greek Roman ideas • secular (worldly, not religious) • focused on individuals

• protest against Catholic corruption call for reforms • Martin Luther's 95 Theses argued against selling indulgences

• trans-Saharan trade • traded salt and gold

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