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Biology 3rd Quarter Benchmark Exam Part 2
Test Description: This will help you prep for the exam.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) For a population to be in genetic equilibrium,
A
no net mutations occur
B
random mating does not occur
C
selection must occur
D
population is small
2) According to Charles Darwin, organisms best suited to their environment reproduce more successfully than other organisms. This is known as the theory of
A
natural selection
B
spontaneous generation
C
acquired characteristics
D
uniformitarianism
3) If an organism has a vestigial structure, what can a biologist infer about the organism’s evolutionary history?
A
that all modern day organisms evolved from animals with tails
B
the organism once lived much differently in the past than it does today
C
the organism’s vestigial structure is now useful but was not useful to it’s ancestors
D
the organism probably shares a common ancestry with an organism that has a functional version of the same feature
4) According to Lamarck’s hypothesis of acquired traits, giraffes now have long necks because
A
short necked giraffes are less likely to produce offspring
B
longer necks are better suited to the environment
C
during the lifetime of a giraffe, its neck stretched, and was inherited by offspring
D
genes for longer necks have been inherited by offspring over many generations
5) A genetic cross performed many times produces 500 tall plants and 200 short plants. The probability of obtaining a tall plant in a similar cross is
A
200/500
B
200/700
C
500/700
D
300/500
6) To determine the genotype of an individual that shows the dominant phenotype, you would cross that individual with one that is
A
heterozygous dominant
B
heterozygous recessive
C
homozygous dominant
D
homozygous recessive
7) A farmer is using artificial selection to produce insect-resistant fruit by only cross- pollinating those plants that do not get eaten or attacked by insects. Which statement best describes what the farmer is using artificial selection to do?
A
slow down the process of convergent evolution
B
study the evolutionary history of organisms that contain similar proteins
C
produce vestigial structures in selected species of plants
D
speed up the process of divergent evolution
8) A segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular hereditary trait
A
gamete
B
gene
C
chromatid
D
allele
9) What is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from heterozygous X heterozygous dihybrid cross?
A
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
B
1 : 1
C
1 : 2 : 1
D
3 : 1
10) Monosomy and Trisomy are disorders caused by
A
inversion
B
frame-shift mutations
C
substitution
D
nondisjunction
11) An animal with the sex chromosomes XY, would most likely be a
A
asexual(neither gender)
B
hermaphrodite(both combined)
C
male
D
female
12) Mutations that do not affect the organism itself, but may be passed on to the offspring are
A
somatic cell mutations
B
polygenic mutations
C
germ cell mutations
D
autosomal mutations
13) A short section of DNA known to have an association with a particular gene located nearby
A
allele
B
carrier
C
linkage group
D
genetic marker
14) A point mutation that may go unnoticed because more than one codon may code for the same amino acid
A
substitution
B
inversion
C
insertion
D
nondisjunction
15) In humans, traits controlled by 2 or more genes, such as skin color, eye color and height are
A
multiple allele traits
B
single allele traits
C
sex-influenced traits
D
polygenic traits
16) In order to detect genetic disorders, it may be necessary to perform a ______________, which is a picture of an individual's chromosomes.
A
heredotype
B
genotype
C
karyotype
D
phenotype
17) All of the genes located on 1 chromosome can be shown by a
A
cross-over
B
nondisjunction
C
chromosome map
D
linkage group
18) The exchange of pieces of DNA between homologous chromosomes
A
nondisjunction
B
carriers
C
crossing-over
D
linkage group
19) In a monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, one would predict the offspring to be
A
all homozygous dominant
B
all homozygous recessive
C
50% homo. dominant; 50% homo. recessive
D
all heterozygous
20) Will you review how to analyze pedigrees before the exam?
A
yes
B
no
*select an answer for all questions
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