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Genetics And The Central Dogma
Test Description: DNA basics, replication, translation, transcription, and mutations.
Instructions: Answer all questions to get your test result.
1) When DNA separates into two strands, the DNA would most likely be directly involved in
A
evolution
B
differentiation
C
fertilization
D
replication
2) What determines the kind of genes an organism possesses?
A
sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the DNA of the organism
B
type of amino acids in the cells of the organism
C
size of simple sugar molecules in the organs of the organism
D
shape of the protein molecules in the organelles of the organism
3) If a set of instructions that determines all of the characteristics of an organism is compared to a book, and a chromosome is compared to a chapter in the book, then what might be compared to a paragraph in the book?
A
an amino acid
B
a starch molecule
C
a DNA molecule
D
an egg
4) In a DNA sample, 15% of the bases are thymine (T). What percentage of the bases in this sample are adenine (A)?
A
15%
B
35%
C
30%
D
85%
5) Within which structure of an animal cell does DNA replication take place?
A
nucleus
B
cell membrane
C
vacuole
D
ribosome
6) The kind of genes an organism possesses is dependent upon the
A
size of the mitochondria in the organism’s cells
B
type of proteins in the organism’s nuclei
C
sequence of bases in the organism’s DNA
D
number of ribosomes in the organism’s cytoplasm
7) The instructions for the traits of an organism are coded in the arrangement of
A
glucose units in carbohydrate molecules
B
energy-rich bonds in starch molecules
C
fat molecules in the cell membrane
D
bases in DNA in the nucleus
8) Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
A
mitochondrion–movement
B
ribosome–protein synthesis
C
nucleus–storage of nutrients
D
vacuole–cell division
9) What occurs during the digestion of protein?
A
Specific enzymes break down proteins into simple sugars.
B
Specific hormones break down proteins into complex starches.
C
Specific hormones break down proteins into simple sugars.
D
Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.
10) A medical test indicates that a patient has a defective protein. This condition is most likely due to a change in the directions coded in the
A
number of carbon atoms in sugar molecules
B
sequence of subunits in DNA
C
number of hydrogen atoms in starch molecules
D
sequence of inorganic molecules
11) The shape of a protein molecule is influenced by
A
the number of genes found in the nucleus
B
whether it is organic or inorganic
C
the number of chromosomes in the cell
D
the sequence of amino acids in it
12) A change in the order of DNA bases that code for a respiratory protein will most likely cause
A
a change in the sequence of amino acids determined by the gene
B
the digestion of the altered gene by enzymes
C
the production of a starch that has a similar function
D
the release of antibodies by certain cells to correct the error
13) What determines the kind of genes an organism possesses?
A
type of amino acids in the cells of the organism
B
sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the DNA of the organism
C
size of simple sugar molecules in the organs of the organism
D
shape of the protein molecules in the organelles of the organism
14) A change in the base sequence of DNA is known as
A
a karyotype
B
a gene mutation
C
nondisjunction
D
polyploidy
15) Although genetic mutations may occur spontaneously in organisms, the incidence of such mutations may be increased by
A
lack of vitamins in the diet
B
radioactive substances in the environment
C
a short exposure to freezing temperature
D
a long exposure to humid climates
16) According to the gene-chromosome theory, which statement is true?
A
Alleles are located on nonhomologous chromosomes.
B
Genes are present only on human chromosomes.
C
Mutations occur mainly in sex cells.
D
Genes are arranged in a linear sequence on a chromosome.
17) Mutagenic agents are substances that
A
decrease the rate of gene mutations
B
cause gene mutations but not other chromosomal changes
C
increase the rate of gene mutations
D
have no effect upon the rate of gene mutation
18) A characteristic of mutations is that they usually
A
are caused only by the events of mitosis
B
occur to meet the needs of a species
C
do not occur at random
D
result in different genetic sequences
19) A random change in the base sequence of DNA resulting in the production of a defective protein is called
A
deletion
B
gene mutation
C
addition
D
translocation
20) The kind of genes an organism possesses is dependent upon the
A
number of ribosomes in the organism’s cytoplasm
B
type of proteins in the organism’s nuclei
C
size of the mitochondria in the organism’s cells
D
sequence of bases in the organism’s DNA
*select an answer for all questions
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