A mountain that forms in Earth’s crust when molten material, or magma, reaches the surface.

A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle.

The name for magma that reaches the Earth’s surface.

One major belt of volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean.

A string of volcanoes that form as the result of subduction of one oceanic plate beneath a second oceanic plate.

An area where material from deep within Earth’s mantle rises through the crust and melts to form magma.

This is the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects.

A long tube that extends from Earth’s crust up through the top of a volcano, connecting the magma chamber to Earth’s surface.

An opening where molten rock and gas leave a volcano.

The spread of lava as it pours out of a vent.

A bowl-shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the central vent.

A material found in magma that forms from the elements oxygen and silicon.

The mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs that flow down the sides of a volcano when it erupts explosively.

A sleeping volcano that scientists expect to awaken in the future and become active.

A dead volcano that is unlikely to ever erupt again.

The hole left when a volcano collapses.

A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano’s opening.

Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash.

A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions.

A land feature that forms when magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe and the surrounding rock later wears away.

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